Effect of maternal caffeine consumption on low birth weight in Butajira, Southern Central Ethiopia: Nested Cohort Study.
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Date
2019-10
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Caffeine consumption is common among people throughout the world, Africa
and Ethiopia. The prevalence of the caffeine exposure during pregnancy was 69%-79% and
excessive caffeine consumption during pregnancy was 14%-57% in most Western countries
and in Ethiopia, the prevalence was 41%. The main source to caffeine is through coffee and
tea in the world and African countries, including Ethiopia. Even though there were number of
studies indicating caffeine intake has reported as a risk factor for low birth weight during
pregnancy, the findings are not conclusive in western and no evidence in Ethiopia. Therefore,
this study is designed to assess the effect of maternal caffeine consumption on low birth
weight during late pregnancy.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine effect of maternal caffeine
consumption on low birth weight in Butajira Cohort, South central, Ethiopia.
Method: Population based Nested cohort study design was employed among 244 pregnant
mothers from September 2018—May 2019 in Butajira. Beverages contain caffeine were
collected by 24hour recall method. Birth weight was considered as outcome group. Pediatric
weight scale was used for measurement of birth weight with in 72 hour after delivery.
Pregnant mothers exposed to caffeine consumption greater than 200mg/day was considered
as exposure group. The mean usual intake of caffeine was estimated by National cancer
institute (NCI method). Finally the effect of Caffeine on low birth weight was analyzed by
log binomial regression by STATA SE version 14.
Results: The study found that 26.2% of pregnant women had daily caffeine consumption
more than or equal to 200mg/day. The risk of low birth weight was four times more likely to
occur in exposed group than in unexposed group (ARR=3.72; 95%CI: 1.76, 7.87). In other
hand, the risk of low birth weight was four, five and five times more likely to occur in
middle, rich and richest wealth status at (ARR=4.61;95%CI (1.08,19.69,(ARR=5.39;95%CI
(1.23,23.58),(ARR=4.54;95%CI(1.07,19.25) respectively than in poorest wealth status.
Conclusion and recommendation: In conclusion, excessive maternal caffeine consumption
might results in low birth weight. Therefore, intervention that address caffeine exposure
among pregnant mother should be designed to reduce the burden of low birth weight.
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Keywords
Caffeine consumption, caffeine intake, low birth weight, pregnancy, effect