Quantification of the Level of Aflatoxin Contamination in Dairyand Beef Cattle Compound Feeds and Feeds Ingredients in Bishoftu and Adama District, Ethiopia
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Date
2019-06
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Abstract
Aflatoxin is one of the groups of mycotoxins produced in animal feed by toxigenic fungi
such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and the rare Aspergillus nomius.These
toxic fungal metabolites are found in feeds and foods. The aim of this study was to assess
the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of farmers and to quantify the level of
aflatoxin AFG2, AFG1, AFB2 and AFB1 in Dairy and Beef cattle feeds and feed
ingredients in Bishoftu and Adama districts. For this purpose a total of 60 livestock
farmers and 60 livestock feeds of which 24 compound feed, 36 feed ingredients samples
were purposively collected from Bishoftu and Adama districts. Aflatoxin analysis was
performed by using high performance liquid chromatography with Immunoaffinity
column clean up. The KAPs assessment revealed that awareness on factors that influence
aflatoxin production, aflatoxin source and formation is very low among the dairy and
beef cattle farmers. The contamination of aflatoxin AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 were
found to be 20(83.3%), 17(60.8%), 62.5 and 17(60.8%), respectively in livestock
compound feed whereas, the contamination of aflatoxin AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2
in feed ingredients were found to be 20(55.6%), 23(63.9%), 21(58.3%) and 23(63.9%)
respectively. The result of individual feed samples raveled that, all noug cake samples
were contaminated with aflatoxin AFG2 with the range 1.09 to 114.49 μg/kg, AFG1:
6.34 to 735.98 μg/kg, AFB2: 2.69 to 151.71 μg/kg and AFB1: 16.85 to 980.28 μg/kg and
total aflatoxin with range of 26.96 - 1953.14 μg/kg. The mean level of aflatoxin AFG2,
AFG1, AFB2, AFB1 and total aflatoxin in noug cake were exceeded the maximum limit
set by Food and Agriculture Organization, World Health Organization 20μg/kg and
European Union 5μg/kg for dairy cattle feed. From this it can be concluded that noug
cake feed was highly contaminated with all aflatoxins whereas wheat bran and wheat
middling were less contaminated. These results suggest that extension education and risk
mitigation should focus on mainly on noug cake and other feed ingredients to effectively
reduce aflatoxin contamination in per-urban dairy and beef cattle feeds.
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Keywords
Aflatoxine, Compound feed, Cattle feed, Mycotoxin