Study on Dairy Cattle Production Systems, Milk Quality and Major Disease Problems in Debre Berhan Milkshed, Central Highlands of Ethiopia
| dc.contributor.advisor | Dr. Gebeyehu Goshu, Dr. Gezahegn Mamo | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Dr. Ashenafi Mengistu | |
| dc.contributor.author | Admasu, Lakew | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2020-11-05T09:16:41Z | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-11-08T11:33:04Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2020-11-05T09:16:41Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-11-08T11:33:04Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2020-06 | |
| dc.description | PhD Thesis | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | A cross-sectional study was conducted with the major objectives of characterizing dairy cattle production systems, analyses of the quality of raw milk and major disease problems in Debre Berhan milkshed in central highlands of Ethiopia. The survey was conducted in three selected study sites of Debre Berhan milk shed. A total of 175 randomly selected household were involved in the study. Data from the household survey were collected using pre-tested fully structured questionnaire, through observation and focused group discussion. The result showed that crossbred dairy cows were preferably kept by the producers than local dairy cows. The main reason producers involved in dairying was income generation either from milk sale or animal sales followed by dairy farmers kept dairy cattle as a means of assets. Among the many constraints raised by dairy producers, shortage of land was the major one which has limiting effect both on keeping dairy animals and production of dairy feed. The others included feed shortage, high feed price, poor nutritional quality of available feeds and prevalence of production related diseases. Indoor feeding and artificial insemination were mostly used feeding and breeding practices, respectively. The majority (95.4%) of respondents used to wash their hands before milking of which 78.3% had access to tap water to clean hands, milk utensils and the udder of cows. About 77.1% of the respondent’s cleaned milk utensils immediately after use with cold water and detergent while 16.6% of dairy farmers cleaned the equipment prior to use but not immediately after use. The total bacterial count of cow milk produced in the urban and peri-urban were 7.11±0.86 log10 cfu /ml and 7.17±0.61 log10 cfu/ml, respectively. The somatic cell count in the urban and peri-urban milk production system was 6.17±0.54 log10 cfu/ml and 5.42±0.43log10 cfu/ml respectively. Higher (SCC/ml) was found in urban (6.17) areas of the study compared to the peri-urban areas (5.42). Microbial load of dry season milk was significantly (p<0.05) higher than wet season milk. Significantly higher total bacterial count (TBC) and coliform count (CC) was found for milk obtained from processing plant than milk collection center and dairy farmers. The total bacterial count (TBC) collected from milk producers (MP), milk collectors (MC) and milk processing plants (MPP) were 7.14±0.74 log10cfu/ml, 7.43±1.11 log10cfu/ml, and 7.84±0.54 log10cfu/ml respectively. The SCC collected from milk producers (MP), milk collectors (MC) and milk processing plants (MPP) were 5.68 log10 somatic cell/ml, 5.39 log10 somatic cell/ml and 5.87 log10 somatic cell/ml, respectively. Major health problems encountered were mastitis, black leg and foot and mouth disease. A total of 510 lactating cows were examined clinically. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was used to detect clinical and subclinical mastitis. The overall prevalence of mastitis at cow and quarter level was 72.2% and 55.95%, respectively. Among mastitis cases, 54.9% was subclinical and 17.3% was clinical mastitis. Similarly, among the total (2040) quarters investigated, 55 quarters (2.65%) were blind. In clinical mastitis, age, breed, previous history of mastitis, milk yield, herd size and teat lesion had shown statistically significant association with the prevalence of mastitis (P<0.05). The most repeatedly isolated pathogens from mastitis positive cases was Staphylococcus species (57.3%).The study indicated that the overall cow level occurrence of lameness was found to be 9.2%. The risk factors for the prevalence of lameness at the animal level were production systems, length of cow track in meter, floor type and hoof trimming practices. The average daily milk yield/cow was found to be significantly decline by 1.77 liters with the case of lameness. A total of 744 blood samples were collected both from male and female of non-vaccinated, crossbred, Jersey and local breeds of dairy cattle. The seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis was 11 (1.5%) by RBPT and 1.21 %. by CFT. The risk of having brucellosis in those herds experiencing abortion was 22.97 times higher (OR =22.97, CI = 2.72-193.73) than those without abortion. It could be concluded that dairy production was commonly practiced and was good source of income in the study area. However, land and feed shortage and the price of feed were among the constraints severely affecting dairying. Milk collected from all value points did not meet the minimum quality standard hence continuous awareness creation should be practiced. Among the major dairy cattle diseases, mastitis was a serious problem in dairy farms in the study areas. Therefore, hygienic milking practice, frequent screening for mastitis and special handling of chronically infected and older cows with repeated mastitis records, cow therapy and awareness creation to dairy farm should be practiced to reduce the risk of mastitis. Similarly, the study showed that lameness is an economically important dairy cattle problem. Consequently, prevention and treatment of lameness in cows at all stages of lactation should be part of dairy farm management practice. Finally, isolation of aborted and new entry animals, movement control between different herds and creation of public awareness by educating people are forwarded to reduce disease transmission within animals and from animals to humans. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/23038 | |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | ;054/06/2020 | |
| dc.subject | Crossbred dairy cattle | en_US |
| dc.subject | Debre Berhan | en_US |
| dc.subject | Ethiopia | en_US |
| dc.subject | Management practices | en_US |
| dc.subject | Mastitis | en_US |
| dc.subject | Milk quality | en_US |
| dc.subject | Socio-economic characteristic | en_US |
| dc.title | Study on Dairy Cattle Production Systems, Milk Quality and Major Disease Problems in Debre Berhan Milkshed, Central Highlands of Ethiopia | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |