Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity, phytochemical content and acute oral toxicity of Impatiens tinctoria A. Rich root extracts
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Date
2019-10
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Infectious diseases, caused by different microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, are the major contributors of morbidity and mortality. The emergence of microorganisms’ new resistance mechanism, and the emerging and re-emerging of new infectious disease aggravated the problem and have threatening our ability to treat infectious diseases. Therefore, researches for the development of new antimicrobials to combat resistant microbes and newly emerged infectious diseases are warranted. Hence, the best candidate is using plants for innovation of new drugs which are used in traditional medicine.
Objectives: To investigate the antimicrobial activities, acute oral toxicity and phytochemical screening of aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate root extracts of Impatiens tinctoria A. Rich.
Methods: The roots of Impatiens tinctoria A. Rich were collected from Gurage Zone around Butajira town and processed and extracted using solvents of ethyl acetate, ethanol and water. Agar well diffusion and agar dilution methods were used for screening the antimicrobial activity of the extracts and for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration, respectively. The minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentration of the extracts was determined. Finally, the plant extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening and oral acute toxicity study. All these activities were carried out from January to October/2019.
Result: Gram positive bacteria were more susceptible to the extracts compared to gram negative bacteria whereas from tested fungi T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes were more susceptible. The study screened the presence of at least 7 phytochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinens, terpenoids, glycosides, quinones and saponins) and 6 compounds in the roots of the study plant. Ethyl acetate extract was more potent and broader spectrum of antimicrobial activities than ethanol and aqueous extracts. The LD50 was above 9600 mg/kg.
Conclusion: The roots of the study plant showed notable antibacterial and antifungal potency. However, further research should be undertaken to elucidate the involved phytochemicals and compounds present in the extracts and mechanism of action which clear out the road for developing new antimicrobial drugs.
Description
This is to testify that the thesis prepared by Sileshi Degu: entitled “Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity, phytochemical content and acute oral toxicity of Impatiens tinctoria A. Rich root extracts” and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Diagnostic and Public Health Microbiology Specialty) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality.
Keywords
Antibacterial, antifungal, acute toxicity, plant extract, Impatiens tinctoria A. Rich