Bacterial profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of the Isolates from Operating Room Environments in Government Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2015-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background : Contamination of the operating theatre is a major cause of nosocomial infection.Bacterial pathogens isolated from hospital environments are also known to develop resistance tomultiple antimicrobial agents.
Objective: To assess the sanitation practices of Health Care Workers (HCWs) as well asbacterial profileand the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates in operating roomenvironments of government hospitals in Addis Ababa.
Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study wasconducted from August to November2014 in Government Hospitals in Addis Ababa. The total of 346 specimens of surfaces swabsand air samples were collected using sterile cotton tipped swabs moistened with normal saliand open plate technique. The study was also supplemented by observation and informationgathered from HCWs. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16 and the results were explained byusing percentage, tables and different figures.
Result: Of the 346 samples, 47.4% (n=164)were positive for bacterial growth, 23.8%(n=39) by open plate and 76.2% (n=125) by swabbing method, respectively. A total of 221bacterial pathogens were recovered from all samples processed in this study. Coagulase negativeStaphylococcus, 160(72.4%) were the predominant bacterial isolates followed by S. aureus33(15%). Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial pathogens showed overall sensitivity of88.7% to ciprofloxacin and most of them had overall resistance of 42.5% to tetracycline and33.5% to chloramphenicol. A total of 89 healthcare workers were interviewed. Majority of them58(65.2%) had training on hand hygiene practice. Sixty four percent 57(64.0%) of therespondents routinely used an alcohol-based hand rub for hand hygiene, 59(66.3%) had everwore at least five types of personal protective equipment (PPE) always while providing care.
Conclusion and Recommendation: In general, we found coagulase-negative staphylococci tobe the major species contaminating the air and other surfaces in the operating rooms. This maybe due to Staphylococci are usually human in origin and point to the restriction of traffic inoperating rooms. Microbiological surveillance of operating theaters can play an important role inreducing bacterial contamination consequently preoperative infectious episodes can be reducedconsiderably.
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Bacterial profile, Antibiotic Sensitivity