Prevalence of Hypogonadism and Associated Factors among Male Leprosy Patients at Alert Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023.
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Date
2023-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Hypogonadism is a clinical and biochemical disorder characterized by symptomsand findings resulting from androgen deficiency caused by insufficient testosterone productiondue to different medical disorders or old age. It has a significant negative impact on one's qualityof life by negatively influencing a variety of systems and has become more prevalent in recent years. It is a common disorder in male population that affects a higher percentage of men with chronic illness like leprosy.
Objective: To assess hypogonadism and associated factors among leprosy patients at Alert Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023.
Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted from June 01, 2022,to June 29, 2023. Source population were all male leprosy patients attending follow-up at Alert Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. 146 participants were selected by a convenient samplingmethod from male leprosy patients over age of 18 to 65 years attending follow-up at leprosy outpatient clinic. Data was gathered both from patient charts and through patient interviews.Androgen deficiency symptoms were assessed by androgen deficiency in ageing male questionnaire, and 5ml of blood samples were taken from study participants to measure serum total testosterone, LH, and FSH. The data was analyzed by Stata version 14.0 and descriptive statistics were presented as percentage means and standard deviations. Spearman’s correlation was employed to asses statistical correlation between total testosterone and independentcontinuous variables. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to identify theindependent factors associated with hypogonadism and P-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.
Results: The prevalence of hypogonadism was 39 (26.7%) (95% CI: 19.7%–34.7%). Out of this,34 (87.2%) had primary hypogonadism, whereas 5 (12.8%) had secondary hypogonadism. Totaltestosterone was inversely correlated with Body mass index (r = -0.37, p = 0.002), Luteinizing hormone (r = -0.43, p 0.001), and Follicular stimulating hormone (r = -0.42, p< 0.001). However,Total testosterone was not significantly correlated with age (r = -0.019, p = 0.81). BMI [AOR=1.32, 95%CI (1.16-1.51)] and grade-II disability [AOR= 4.80, 95%CI (1.38-16.57)] were Midentified as independent risk factors for hypogonadism.
Conclusion: Nearly one fourth of male leprosy patients had hypogonadism. Overweight and grade-II disability were independent risk factors for hypogonadism. All concerned bodies should work together on identifying risk factors, early diagnosis and treatment of hypogonadism in male leprosy patients.
Keywords: Hypogonadism Leprosy Testosterone LH FSH
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Keywords
Hypogonadism Leprosy Testosterone LH FSH