Assessment of Vascular Complication and Associated Factors Among Patients who Underwent Cardiac Catheterization, A retrospective Study at Ethiopian Cardiac center
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Date
2025-06-19
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Cardiac catheterization is an invasive procedure performed for diagnosing and
treating heart conditions. Its invasive nature can lead to various complications. Vascular
complications have been recognized as significant contributors to post-procedural morbidity.
They also contribute to increased patient discomfort, prolonged hospital stays, higher treatment
costs, and negative patient outcomes. Several studies in other setting have shown that the rate of
major vascular complications ranges from 0.3% to 1%. However, their prevalence in Ethiopia
remains unknown.
Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of vascular complications and identify
associated risk factors among patients who underwent cardiac catheterization in Ethiopian
Cardiac Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2025.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from January 1, 2020, to December 31,
2024, at the Ethiopian Cardiac Center. Systematic random sampling of 305 patient
records was undertaken. Structured checklists were employed to gather information and SPSS
version 26 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to find factors
associated with vascular complications. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence
intervals (CI) and p-values < 0.05 were utilized as statistically significant.
Results: The prevalence of vascular complications was 15.1%. The most common complications
included hematoma (4.6%), hemorrhage (3.6%), and thromboembolism (1.0%). In Multivariable
regression, patients who are females, overweight, and had previous catheterization had over four
times the odds of developing vascular complications compared to male (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI:
1.50–11.02, P = 0.006), underweight BMI (AOR = 5.31; 95% CI: 1.38–20.32; p = 0.015), and no
previous catheterization (AOR = 5.26; 95% CI: 1.59–17.36; p = 0.006).
Conclusion: the study suggests moderate prevalence of vascular complication and also that the
risk of complications was much higher in female patients, overweight patients,
and patients with prior catheterization.
Recommendations: This study recommends giving special attention to female patients, those
with higher body mass index, and individuals with a previous cardiac catheterization, as they
were found to have a significantly higher risk of vascular complications. Further multicenter
studies are needed to assess long-term complications and enhance generalizability.
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Keywords
Vascular complication and Cardiac catheterization