Foot Mechanics in Individuals with Type-1 and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Study
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Date
2020-07
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Introduction: Foot is a complex anatomical and biomechanical structure. There are 26 bones, 33
Joints, more than 100 ligaments, tendons and muscles in each foot. The biomechanics of diabetic
foot is different from that of the non-diabetic foot. Changes in foot posture and architecture as a
result of the diabetics impact on the normal biomechanics of walking and weight bearing on the
foot.
Aim of the study: This study was conducted to assess and compare Anatomical and mechanical
foot change in individuals with diabetes mellitus type-1 and type-2 in Mizan-Tepi University
teaching hospital, Bench-Sheko zone, South-west, Ethiopia.
Materials and Methods: Institutional based cross sectional comparative study was conducted
from June 1
st
2019 up to November 30
st
, 2019 in Mizan-Tepi university teaching Hospital. The
study participants were selected by using double population proportion formula sampling
technique, who were 294 people diagnosed as diabetics (Type-1 and Type-2). Besides, data were
collected by using structured questionnaires and diabetic foot assessment checklists.
Results: One hundred seventy-eights (60.5%), were males with the mean age (±SD) 43 (±14. 5)
Years. 63.2% were illiterate, 19.4% completed primary school, 11.6% completed secondary
school, and 5.8% were university graduate. Out of 294 participants with DM, 31.3% were obese
or overweight, and 33.7% were diagnosed in the past 6-10 years. Among the study participants,
32.6% had PN, 22.5% had PAD, 55.1% had DFUs, and 46% had a deformity (15%
Claw\hammer toe, 12.3% hallux valgus, 11% callus, and 8.2% pes cavus). Around 62.3% had
good knowledge and 55.6% had identified good practice of DM foot care.
Conclusion: The current study showed that Type-2 diabetes patients have higher prevalence in
developing diabetes related foot complications (like Claw\hammer toe, Hallux valgus, Callus,
and pes cavus). However, Type-1 diabetes patients have increment in understanding the effects
of diabetes on foot health and identifying appropriate foot care practice mobility as compared to
Type-2 diabetes patients. Therefore, understanding foot mechanics is an important component of
the examination and overall care of diabetic foot.
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Keywords
Diabetes Mellitus, Foot Mechanics