Prevalence of Depression and Associated Factors among Patients Taking AntiRetroviral Drugs in Adama Hospital Medical College, Oromia, Ethiopia.

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Date

2021-12

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Addis Abeba University

Abstract

Background: Depression is the most common preventable mental illness among people living with human immunoivirus (PLHA) with the rates of two to four times higher than those found in general populations. Nowadays depression is estimated to affect 350 million people in the world. This study aims to assess the magnitude and predictors of depression among PLHA in eastern part of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among PLHA taking Antiretroviral drug at Adama Hospital Medical College. Methods: We employed an institutional based cross-sectional study from April 01 to September 30, 2021 in Adama Hospital Medical College, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. A total of 420 PLHA aged 18 years and above were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique. We collected the data through a face-to-face interview, observation and document review. We entered the data into EPIinfo Version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between explanatory variables on the outcome variable. Factors with a pvalue of less than 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were further entered into the multivariable analysis to control for potential confounders. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% CI was used as a measure of association and p-value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: A total of 420 PLHA taking ART were participated in this study. The prevalence of depressive symptoms as assessed by PHQ-9 was 52.4% (95% CI= 47.6-57.1). Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis revealed that employment status [AOR=0.22(95% CI= 0.13-0.36)], patients most recent CD4 count [AOR=6.99 (95% CI=2.81-17.38)], months on ART [AOR=5.05 (95% CI =2.38-10.74)] and chronic non-communicable diseases [AOR=7.90 (95% CI = 4.21-14.85)] were significantly associated with depression among HIV positive patients. Conclusion: Significant proportion of HIV positive patients taking ART drug had depressive symptoms. Employment was found to be preventive while low CD4 count, starting ART therapy recently, and presence of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) were found with increased odds of depression among HIV positive patients taking ART.

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Keywords

Depression, ART, Adama, Ethiopia

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