Nutritional Composition of Animal Feeds and Ingredients in Addis Ababa and Formulation of Feeds from Selected Ingredients
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Date
2020-06-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Animal source foods supply not only high quality and readily digested protein and energy but also a variety of micronutrients that are difficult to obtain in adequate quantities from plant source foods alone. Animal feeds should be formulated based on a standard requirement to get maximum yield of animal source foods. This study was conducted to analyze the nutritional composition of animal feeds and ingredients in Addis Ababa and to formulate dairy and poultry feeds. A total of 42 samples were collected consisting of 25 ingredients and 17 feeds. Proximate, mineral, antinutritional factor and microbiological analysis were evaluated for the samples. The mean content of the ingredients maize, wheat bran, wheat middling, soyabean cake and niger seed cake was for moisture (14.32, 11.75, 10.79, 5.75 & 7.54%), crude protein (6.48, 11.83, 13.05, 46.70 & 37.36%), crude fat(3.13, 3.24, 2.63, 5.49 & 8.60%), crude fiber (2.30, 7.89, 5.96, 7.92 & 15.62%) and total ash (1.29, 3.27, 2.13,6.29 & 6.99%) respectively. There was a significant difference among the ingredients of the factories. The mean values of dairy, layer and broiler feeds was for moisture (10.79, 9.33 & 9.92%), crude protein (18.3, 19.05 & 21.23%), crude fat (4.14, 4.58 & 4.98%), crude fiber (12.68, 12.98 & 11.81%) and total ash (10.38, 15.67 & 18.6%) respectively. The analysis showed that there is a significant difference among the factories (P < 0.05). All of the dairy feeds had crude fat value below the limit (10%). 17% (1 out of 6) of layer feeds and broiler feeds had crude protein values below the limits (16.5% & 20%). All of the layer and broiler feeds had crude fiber values above the limits (7% & 6%). 60% (3 out of 5) of dairy feeds, 67% (4 out of 6) of layer feeds and 33% (2 out of 6) broiler feeds had calcium values below the limts ( 0.8, 3-4 & 1.4%) respectively. All of the feed samples had phosphorus content below the given limits (0.5, 0.4 & 0.45%). The total mold counts of all samples were above the set limit (2 × 104 CFU/g). In conclusion, there is a significant difference among feed producers (P < 0.05) and deviation from feed standards of Ethiopian Standard Agency. This calls for better control of quality of animal feeds and ingredients and has to be considered in feed formulation. The dairy, layer and broiler feeds formulated in this study have good quality nutritional composition and can be used for the production of animal source foods (milk, meat and eggs).
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Animal Feed Ingredients, Dairy Feeds, Layer Feeds, Broiler Feeds, Nutritional Composition