Magnitude, outcomes, and associated factors of road traffic injuries among trauma victims that visited AaBET Hospital from 2020 to 2022
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Date
2024-08
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Worldwide, approximately 1.3 million people die each year due to road
traffic accidents and more than 90% of road traffic deaths occur in low and middle-
income countries. Currently in Ethiopia, it is posing a major public health threat with
significant morbidity and mortality in road traffic victims with a pooled prevalence of
31.5% in road traffic accident victims among trauma patients.
Objective: The main objective of the study is to determine the magnitude of road
traffic accident victims among trauma patients, associated factors, and their outcomes
at ABET Hospital from January 2020 to January 2022.
Methods: A quantitative retrospective institution-based study design was applied at
AaBET Hospital using an adopted Kampala and tailored pre-tested data collection
checklist with a systematic random sampling technique. The sample size was 667, and
collected data was entered into Epi-Data and transferred to SPSS for analysis. Binary
and multivariate analysis was used to determine associated factors with outcomes of
road traffic injury victims.
Results: The magnitude of road traffic accidents among admitted trauma patients at
AaBET Hospital was 44.8%, with males accounting for 78% of the victims. The age
groups between 30 to 44 years had the highest prevalence with 38.4% among the road
traffic accident victims. 39.6% of victims arrived with private vehicles with the
commonest time of injury during the day time. 44.3% of road traffic accident victims
were pedestrians accounting. Only 50.8% received pre-hospital care/treatment before
their referral. Severe injury outcomes accounted for 58.6% (190) and outcomes with
non-severe injury were 41.4% (133). Factors with a significant association for
outcomes were type of victims who are drivers, moderate Glasgow Coma Scale, and
duration of hospitalization greater than 24 hours.
Conclusion: Type of victims who are drivers , moderate Glasgow Coma Scale, and
duration of hospitalization greater than 24 hours have a statistically significant
association with severe injury outcome. With almost half of the trauma patients
arriving at AaBET Hospital being road traffic accident victims, urgent multi-sector
intervention is needed to prevent the injury as well as decrease complications.
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Keywords
road traffic accident, trauma, associated factors, injury severity scale, severe injury