Parenting Style in Amhara Region: Development and Validation of Parenting Style Scale and Investigation of Adolescents’ Self-esteem, Identity Style and Psychological Wellbeing (Doctoral Dissertation)
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Date
2015-04
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop and validate Adolescents’ Perceived Parenting Style
(PPSS) scale, and investigation of adolescents’ self-esteem, identity style and psychological
wellbeing using two subsequent studies. The first study was designed to develop an instrument
for measuring parenting style in the context of Amhara region . For this study, an exploratory
sequential mixed methods research design was employed to explore the types of parenting styles
and their indicators qualitatively, then followed by quantitative method to examine the
psychometric properties of the scale. Samples were drawn from government general secondary
and preparatory school students in Amhara region using simple random sampling and stratified
random sampling based on students’ sex and grade level as strata. For this study, both
qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Data for qualitative analysis were gathered
form adolescent informants using focus group discussion, whereas data for quantitative analysis
were gathered from the expert judges and school adolescents. From school adolescents, data
were collected twice, one for preliminary analyses such as item analysis, exploratory factor
analysis, and reliability analysis based on the responses of 436 participants (Male = 216;
Female = 220), and the other for examining confirmatory factor analysis as well as convergent
and discriminant validity analysis using the responses of 314 participants (Male = 156; Female
= 158) from the four zonal towns (i.e., Debre Birhan, Finot-selam, Debre Tabor, Bahir Dar) in
the region. The final results revealed that a 4-factor solution (Reasonable, Decent, Pampering
& Autocrat) with a 26-item was identified, and then confirmed with good fit indices using LInear
Structural RELations (LISREL 8.80 version). Moreover, acceptable convergent and discriminant
validity evidence were found. Thus, it would be suffice to say that APPS scale measures what it
purports to measure. The second study was designed to investigate the relations of parenting
styles with psychological wellbeing, self-esteem, and identity style. In addition, the study focused
on examining the mediating roles of self-esteem and identity style on the relationship between
parenting style and psychological wellbeing. Furthermore, parenting style differences due to
demographic variables (sex, family structure & number of siblings) was another concern of the
study. With the same procedure in study one, data were collected from 411 participants (Male =
211; Female = 200) for the main study and the analyses were made using mainly multiple
regression, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and path analysis. The results
indicated that adolescents who perceived their parents as decent and reasonable showed better
off in their self-esteem, identity style and psychological wellbeing. Moreover, self-esteem,
informational identity style and normative identity style were partially mediated between
parenting styles and psychological wellbeing. Furthermore, significant differences in
adolescents’ perceived parenting styles were observed due to the differences in their sex, family
structure and number of sibling. Finally, based on the findings, some practical and theoretical
implications, limitations and directions for future research were addressed
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Keywords
Psychological wellbeing