Baterlological and Serological Investigation of Fowl Cholea in Seleted Commercial Poultry Farms in Debre Zeit
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Date
2010-04-20
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Bacteriological and serological investigation of fowl cholera was conducted in two commercial
poultry farms in Debre Zeit. Cross sectional with continuous follow up of the farms was used to determine the prevalence rate of P. multocida isolates from nasal swabs of apparently healthy fowls (384), nasal and tracheal swabs of fowls diseased with respiratory diseased syndrome (35), pneumonic lung of fowls died of respiratory syndrome (30) and pneumonic lungs from fowls with typical clinical signs of chronic fowl cholera (5). Cross sectional study was also used to determine seroprevalence of P. multocida serotype A from fowls' sera (384). A total of 82 (17 .16%) isolates of P. multocida were detected from nasal swabs of apparently healthy, fowls diseased with respiratory disease syndrome, tracheal swabs and pneumonic lungs of fowls died of respiratory disease syndrome and from pneumonic lungs of tentatively diagnosed cases of chronic fowl cholera P. multocida was isolated at a rate of 14.58% and 25.75% from nasal swabs of healthy and diseased fowls, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05. All isolates were identified up to subspecies level. P. multocida subspecies gallicida was identified at a rate of 69.64% and 88.46%, while P. multocida subspecies septica was 30.36% and 11.54% prevalent in apparently healthy and diseased fowls, respectively. The isolation rate of P. multocida from pneumonic lungs and their corresponding tracheal swabs showed higher in layers 37.5% and 18.75%, while in growers the rates were 14.2% and 7.14%. There was statistically significant difference (P<O.OO 1) of the isolation rate of the organism between pneumonic lungs
and their cOlTesponding tracheal swabs of the two different age groups. A total of 384 sera were also examined by indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) to detellnine the seroprevalence of fowl cholera in the study fa1l11S . Variation in seroprevalence among fanns and age groups was
observed (P<O.OI). The IHA test revealed that higher seroprevalence was observed in farm 2 and in layers with seroprevaJence of 28.78% and 26.92%, respectively. While low seroprevalence was observed in falm 2 and in growers with seroprevalence of 8.60% and 9.65%, respectively. Strength of association between risk factors in seroprevalence was computed by using univariable logistic regression and the odds ratio (OR) showed that layers were 3.446 times at risk of fowl cholera than growers, whi Ie farm 2 was 3.18 times at risk of fowl cholera than farm 1.
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Keywords
Bacteriological diagnosis, fowl cholera, P. multocida. pneumonic cases, prevalence, serological test, swabs