Factors Affecting The Prevalence Of HIV In Amhara Region Across Rural And Urban Areas: The Case Of Bahirdar And Kone-Wadla
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Date
2005-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
The General objective was to analyze the direct and indirect major determinants
affecting the prevalence of HIV in Amhara region across the selected urban and
rural areas. Based on Dixon and Leach's [1978] formula, a total of 493 subjects
who are eligible were selected and included in the populations for the household
survey. Moreover, Logistics regression models were fitted based on results found
to be significant in Chi Square and bivariate an<:tlyses and examined using
Forward LR stepwise analysis. Due to the large number of parameters estimated,
variables that were not significantly associated with the outcome variables
(P<0.05) were not entered in binary logistic regression model. Univariate and
bivariate data analyses were performed using SPSS (release 11.0) and 95%
confidence intervals and p-value were computed for all predicted variables. With
regard to the results, as it can be observed from the chi square result (Table 5.1),
residence was significantly associated with Early marriage, Unemployment,
marital status, HIV-test and mobility of individuals. The independent variable,
place of residence, was found to be significant in explaining the variations in the
probability of risk factors as follows; the probability of getting employment in
rural areas was 73.3% decreased (x2 =46.114, p=o.ooo) as compared to that of
urban dwellers, the probability of rural dwellers with the odd ratio 1.55, (x2 =
7b.609, p=o.ooo) were found to be more likely to be not tested as compared to )C
the urban dwellers, the probability of rural dwellers with the odd ratio 0.572 (X2 =
8.019, P=0.005) were found to be less likely to practice harmful traditional
practices as compared to the Urban dwellers, the probability of rural dwellers
ever departing for at least two weeks were 2.00 (x2 =8.284, P=0.004) times more
likely than that of the urban, the probability of rural dwellers that were Ever
married were 2.004(x2 = 9.891, p=0.002) times more likely than that of the
urban, and the proportion of late marriage (above 15) in rural dwellers was
decreased by 88.0% (x2 = 24.605, p=o.ooo) than urban dwellers.
In general, the findings have revealed clearly that the risk factors incidences were
significantly higher among rural residents. Among the rural; early marriage, illiteracy rate, unemployment rate were higher Compared to the urban dwellers.
But, in the urban, the rate of mobile individuals was higher. Hence, accordingly,
all of these consider being the possible determinant risk factors for the relatively
higher HIV prevalence across urban and rural populations studied in Amhara
region, respectively. Thus, adapted preventive programs and Innovative clientdriven
risk reduction strategies addressing the pandemic in the region should be
developed to prevent further spread of the infection in this population.
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Keywords
HIV/AIDS, Across Rural And Urban Areas