SERO-PREVALENCE STUDY OF BRUCELLOSIS IN CATTLE AND HUMANS IN DIBATE AND WEMBERA DISTRICTS, METEKELE ZONE, BENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGION
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2008-06
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Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Debate and Wembera districts of Metekele Administrative Zone, Benishangul Gumuze Regional State, between October 2007 and March 2008, to determine the sero-prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and humans as well as to identify the likely potential risk factors. Two-stage cluster sampling technique was employed, by which 12 peasant associations were identified as primary units and 164 individual cattle owners as secondary units. Accordingly, 1152 cattle (164 herds) were sampled. In the sampling, all cattle in the herd above 6 months of age were included. Human risk groups were sampled using purposive sampling method. The study methods involved collection of serum sample, questionnaire surveys and serological tests.
Tests used to detect the presence of Brucella antibodies were Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) as screening test, and Complement Fixation Test (CFT) as confirmatory test. Results of the two tests were interpreted serially. A herd was said to be positive if at least one animal reacts positively by both RBPT and CFT.
The overall individual cattle and herd sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis the study area were 1% (11/1152) and 4.9 % (n= 8/164), respectively. Within herd sero-prevalence ranged between 0% and 15.4%, While considering only positive herds (n=8), it varied from 5.3%- 15.4%.
Both univariable logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that the risk of sero-positivity was increased by increases herd size of the animal (p=0.000, OR=1.34). Brucellosis sero-positivity was statistically different among cattle, which experienced abortion than those, which did not (OR= 6.6, P = 0.013).
The reproductive status (lactation, pregnancy, dry cow and heifer) did not show significant difference in the rate of sero-prevalence among the four reproductive statuses. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that, the age of cattle was not significantly associated with sero-positivity (P=0.205). With univariable, logistic regression analysis sex was not found to be significantly associated with sero-positivity of cattle in the study area (p=0.994), even though all positive cattle were females.
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All sampled human serums were found negative for Brucella antibodies.
Risk factors are discussed; conclusions are drawn and pertinent recommendations are forwarded.
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Brucellosis, Cattle, CFT, Humans, RBPT, Sero-prevalence, Zoonosis