Trends In Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Cases at St. Peter’s Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2024-08
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) that commonly affects the lungs. This Study was conducted to investigate the trend of multi-drug-resistant (MDR)-TB at St. Peter’s Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, February 2016 - February 2023. Data were collected using a step-by-step record review method. SPSS version 26 and Excel Microsoft were used to analyze the data using Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and percentages of different variables. Bivariate and binary logistic regression analysis was done to compute the crude and adjusted odds ratio. P-values less than 0.05 with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were considered statistically significant. A total of 600 MDR-TB patients received for treatment at the study Hospital during the study years of which 352 (58.7%) were male and 248(41.3%) were female. Majority of the cases were ‘new’ cases and most of the total patients 439(73.17%) were from Addis Ababa, followed by Oromia Region 90(15.0%). Among the MDR-TB patients, 446(74.3%), 109(18.2%), and 45(7.5%) had pulmonary TB (PTB), Extra-Pulmonary TB (EPTB), and both PTB and EPTB, respectively. The majority of the patients (38.33%) were in the age group 25–34, followed by 22.5% in the age group 15–24. The highest specific MDR-TB prevalence of 122 was detected in 2018, while the lowest prevalence of MDR-TB was in 2016. The overall treatment outcome was classified as cured 183(30.5%), completed in 180(30.0%), died in 79(13.2%), ongoing treatment 65(10.8%), lost follow-up 38(6.3%), treatment failure 39(6.5%) and transferred out 16(2.7%). The successful treatment outcomes (cured or completed) were 363(60.5%), and the unsuccessful treatment outcomes were 237(39.5%). There was a significant association between HIV positivity and MDR-TB treatment outcomes (p<=0.001). Patients with a history of contact with MDR-TB cases also had significantly different treatment outcomes compared to those without such contact histories (p<=0.001). However, there was no significant association between residence and treatment outcome (p>=0.157). Overall, an increasing trend of MDR-TB cases was observed. TB patients should take the prescribed drug according to the physician's procedure carefully, which is very important to reduce the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in general.
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Trend Analysis, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary TB, Extra-Pulmonary TB, MDR-TB, Treatment Outcome