Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2014-06
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Malaria is mosquito-borne parasitic disease and one of the most serious health problems of human beings. Despite intensive control measure like vector control and environmental management through community participation malaria remained a public health concern of the country. Unusual malaria cases increment was reported from Ilu district, Oromia, Ethiopia in October 2013. We investigated the outbreak to describe the magnitude of the disease and identify risk factors associated with the outbreak.
Method: Microscopic and RDT laboratory investigation conducted to confirm the disease. Magnitude of the disease was described by person, place and time. Previous years malaria data was reviewed to establish threshold level and understand trends of the disease. We conducted case-control study with randomly selected 109 cases and matched 109 community controls for age and sex. Epi Info 7.1 and Microsoft Excel were used to perform data entry and analysis. We also assessed environmental risk factors for the outbreak.
Result: A total of 6,042 confirmed malaria cases (Attack Rate: 80 per 1000) and zero death were reported from August to November 2013 with a peak in October. Slide positivity rate was 57.6%. Greater than four years old were more affected by malaria (Age specific attack rate per 1000 population was 84). Using bed net every night was found to be protective effect for the disease (Odds Ratio: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2 - 0.8). Presence of stagnant water (Odds Ratio: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.2 - 3.5), uncovered plastic water container in or outside home (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1-4.5) and broken glass bottles (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.9-5.8) were associated with the disease.
Conclusion and Recommendation: Low insecticide treated bed net utilization, presence of stagnant water, uncovered plastic water container and broken glass bottles in or outside home were attributed for the outbreak. We recommended proper ITNs utilization, indoor chemical spray per standard and strong environmental management through optimized community participation.
Keywords: Malaria, Outbreak, Case-Control, Ilu, Ethiopia
Description
Keywords
Malaria, Outbreak, Case-Control, Ilu, Ethiopia