Urbanization & Water Supply Challanges in Addis Ababa; With Special Reference to Jemo Condominum Site
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Date
2014-05-05
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Achieving Quantitative & qualitative Water service is both basic and democratic rights of human beings to assure sustainable urban and other development activities. However, different setbacks such as lack of appropriate management and rapid urbanization failing to provide this service. Geographically, Jemo condominium site is located in Addis Ababa at latitude 8°57′28.7748″ and longitude 38°42′43.8222″. It is accessible from three main directions by the highways stretching to different destination of Addis Ababa. The main objective of conducting this research is to identify, the major water supply challenges of Addis Ababa with special reference to Jemo condominium site, and also to recommend possible solutions. Methods that used to conduct this research were based on both secondary and primary data analysis using qualitative and quantitative techniques. The Secondary data include Journals, thesis and reports. Were as, the primary data include water sampling, photographs, questionnaires on some concerned bodies and experts who were involved in water supply service. The major procedure that used in this research was given as follow: gathering related secondary information, collecting primary data & finally analysis & presentation of result. The researches of many authors have reviewed to conclude the strong relationship between urbanization & water supply challenges in the study area. The significance of the study was to identify the water supply challenges and recommending possible means to enhance the quality and quantity of water supply.
From customers, decision makers, experts response, Basic Human water requirement index and water scarcity index analysis result indicate: There is a limitation of fresh water supply in the study area .This is due to rapid population growth, power interruption, city expansion, frequently pipeline breakage due to different infrastructure, lack of water scheme rehabilitation, and lack of awareness to use water economically.
The present TDS, SO4, NO3, Co, Ni, Cd, Cu, Zn, , Pb, Mn ,pH & EC of the water samples analysis which has been taken takes from two streams near to the study area has shown that very high hazardous lead metal concentration, nitrate, EC compared to WHO standards. The groundwater analysis result also showed there is consecutive increasing of sulphate concentration in some productive groundwater wells & decreasing of pH value. Frequently pipeline breakage due to different infrastructure, the system of water distribution to end users ,accessibility of roads ,developing new sources compatible to the growth of the city both population and construction, leakage control for physical loss and unaccounted water for financial loss are the major water supply challenges of study area . To improve quantity and quality of water supply : we can use different methods: such as reducing water supply loss through appropriate rehabilitation and increasing awareness for economical use of water , creating good integration between different institutions, development of new water scheme and waste water treatmen
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Keywords
Urbanization, Water Supply Challenges, Water Resource Management Models, Basic Human Water Requirements and Water Stress and Scarcity Index