RISK ASSESSMENTS OF PRIORITIZED TRANSBOUNDARY DISEASES IN BORENA BULLS MARKET CHAIN AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2012-06
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Risks of introduction of transboundary animal diseases (TADs) such as foot and mouth disease (FMD), lumpy skin disease (LSD) and contagious bovine pleuropnumonia (CBPP) through traded Borena bulls to market chain and its consequences were assessed. The assessment used the framework that has been recommended by the World Animal Health Organization (OIE) for risk analysis. Likelihoods for release and exposure were estimated by a qualitative scale ranging from negligible to very high. Whereas, the consequences resulted from diseases occurrences were assessed quantitatively. Fattened bulls intended to export originated mainly from Borena pastoral system where these transboundary animal diseases were endemically established. The likelihood of the introduction of TADs to the market chain through traded Borena bulls is found to be high for FMD and LSD and medium for CBPP. The probability of bulls in the feedlots becoming exposed to FMD virus and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony type (MmmSC) bacteria is also high and very high for LSD virus. Biological consequence such as prevalence and incidence and economic loss were assessed. From the total of 11189 bulls observed during outbreak investigation of LSD in six sites of feedlot operation in and around Adama, 681(6.1%) and 204(1.8%) bulls were found affected and dead with LSD, respectively. From the total of 38187 bulls examined for FMD and CBPP antibodies, 5536(14.5%) and 150(0.4%) were found positive and subsequently rejected from international market in 2011, respectively. The total annual (2011) economic loss due to prioritized TADs was estimated to be 4,081,972.2 USD which is equivalent to 69,230,245.12 ETB (1USD= 16.96 ETB). The analysis of matrix scoring showed strong agreement (W=0.837 to 0.989; P=0.000) among the 10 informant groups for the disease indicators. The introduction of those diseases to the market chain of Borena bull for export is discussed in terms of international markets and trade disruptions. The risk estimates for all prioritized transboundary diseases are greater than negligible, therefore, transboundary diseases prevention strategy along the chain should be carefully considered by the Ethiopian veterinary services.
Description
Keywords
Borena Bulls, Export, International Trade, Market Chain, Risk Assessments, Transboundary Animal Diseases