The burden of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and co-morbid disease and its associated risk factors among patients with malignant conditions visiting oncology department of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Date

2018-06

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Addis Ababa University

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and cancer are two major public health problems associated with significant morbidity and mortality. TB is one of the major causes of death amongst infectious diseases and it is estimated that one-third of the human population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis .The burden of cancer is increasing globally. Co morbid conditions influence the survival of cancer patients. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the burden of pulmonary TB/Rf resistance Tb,co morbid disease and associated risk factors among patients with all types of malignancies visiting the oncology unit of Tikur Anbessa Hospital Methods: A Cross sectional study was performed in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from May 2017 to April 2018. Convenience sampling methods was used. Sputum sample was collected from all patients with malignancy that had cough. The sputum was treated with NaOH and isopropanol at a ratio of 2:1then added in to cartridge for Xpert test. Smear was prepared for conventional microscopy. Results: A total of 206 patients with cancer were enrolled. Of these patients, 82 were male. Median age was 49 years, and range was from 18 to 80 years. 76 (36.9%) patients diagnosed with lung cancers; 20 (9.7%) had breast cancer; 18(8.7%) had hematologic malignancy; 17 (8.2%) patients had thyroid cancer; 15(7.3%) had Cervical ca; 13 (6.3%) esophageal cancer 11 (5.3%), colon cancer 9 (4.4%) Adenocarcinoma 8(3.9%) patients with Nasoparyngial cancer 7 (3.4%) had gastric cancer; 7(3.4%) and 12(5.8%) pancreatic carcinoma. During the study period, 6 patients developed tuberculosis .The prevalence rate of tuberculosis in the general population was 192 per 100,000 p, and the prevalence rate tuberculosis in the population with diagnosed malignancies was 2912 per 100,000 p. Conclusion and recommendation: Patient with anti cancer treatment was more likely to develop tuberculosis than a patient without treatment. Patients on chemotherapy or on steroid for longer period of time (6-11months) are in more risk than who had for 24 months and more or not taken at all. Recognition, timely prevention and control of tuberculosis and associated factors may reduce morbidity and mortality in malignant patients.

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Keywords

tuberculosis, cancer.

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