Determinants of Postoperative Outcomes of Newborns with Tracheoesophageal Fistula at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2024-05
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Esophageal Atresia with Tracheoesophageal Fistula (EA/TEF) is a potentially
life-threatening condition that causes serious complications unless prompt surgical
intervention is done to restore normal breathing and nutrition. Despite advances in surgical
techniques and perioperative care, EA/TEF remains a challenging condition to manage as the
postoperative results fluctuate significantly between various hospitals and geographical areas.
In Ethiopia, large-scale studies are scarce on identifying determinants of postoperative
outcomes in newborns with EA/TEF.
Objectives: To identify the determinants of postoperative outcomes in EA/TEF newborns. It
examined the interplay between patient-related factors, surgical factors, and anesthetic-
related factors in determining postoperative outcomes, including mortality, length of hospital
stay, and the incidence of complications.
Methods: A single-center retrospective cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted
at the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH). The pediatric HMIS database was used to
manually abstract the data of operated newborns with the diagnosis of EA/TEF. The collected
data was analyzed and presented as descriptive statistics and regression methods were run to
assess statistically significant outcome-predicting factors.
Results: Our retrospective cross-sectional study of 122 operated EA/TEF patients identified
electrolyte abnormalities (AOR: 0.081, 95% CI: 0.007 – 0.887, p-value: 0.040) and
postoperative complications (AOR: 0.126, 95% CI: 0.052 – 0.303, p-value: 0.000) have a
significant association to determine the postoperative outcome of EA-TEF newborns.
Conclusion and Recommendation:
The study underscores standardized preoperative preparation and the implementation of
protocols for thorough assessment and optimization. Vigilant postoperative monitoring,
infection prevention, and comprehensive management strategies are imperative for
enhancing patient survival rates.
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Keywords
Tracheoesophageal Fistula, Newborns