Clinical and Microbiological profiles of Infective Endocarditis in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital
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Date
2022-10
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: A serious infection of the heart's endocardial surface, including the heart valves,
is known as infective endocarditis (IE). In young patients, IE is a rare but potentially fatal illness
that needs to be diagnosed and treated right away. Improving outcomes requires an understanding
of the clinical and microbiological features of IE in the pediatric context. These kinds of studies
aid in the understanding of the local epidemiology of this uncommon but dangerous pediatric heart
infection by physicians working in resource-constrained environments such as Ethiopia. The
results can help develop diagnostic algorithms, direct empirical antibiotic therapy, and pinpoint
areas where IE prevention and management in this patient population need to be improved.
Objectives: - This study aimed to describe the microbiological pattern, clinical manifestation,
and outcome of infective endocarditis in pediatric patients attending Ethiopia's Tikur Anbessa
Specialized Hospital, a tertiary care facility.
Methods: An institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted,
focusing on 61 medical records of pediatric patients admitted for infective endocarditis (IE) at
TASH from January 2019 to January 2024. A self-administered and structured questionnaire was
developed to encompass demographic, clinical, and echocardiography data from the medical
records of the study subjects. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 software, and the
findings were presented using tables and charts.
Result: This study includes a total of 61IE patients’ more than half 35(57.4) were female. fever
(52, 27.2%), shortness of breath (45, 23.6%), and cough (28, 14.7%) were the most common chief
complaints .36 patients (59 %) were cured, 25 (59 %) died, with sepsis with multi-organ failure
(13, 52%) being the leading cause of death. The average hospital stays for patients who died was
21.04 days (SD = 18.449), while the average stay for patients who were cured was 41.39 days (SD
= 11.746). Length of hospital stay (Odds Ratio = 1.083, 95% CI = 1.030 to 1.138, p = 0.002) and
presence of complications (Odds Ratio = 0.039, 95% CI = 0.005 to 0.345, p = 0.003) significantly
affect the outcome
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Keywords
IE, prevalence, Clinical, Microbiological profile, pediatrics, TASH, Ethiopia