Genetic Diversity of Faba Bean ( Vicia Faba L). Landrace Accessions in Ethiopia
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Date
2021-10-08
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Faba bean is one of the most important legume species cultivated in Ethiopia for both human and animal protein source. Morphological and molecular characterization of faba bean accessions is important for future collection, conservation, and crop improvement programs. However, the genetic diversity of the Ethiopian faba bean accessions has not been comprehensively characterized. The present study was conducted to determine the genetic diversity of faba bean using morphological and ISSR markers. A total of 96 accessions including 90 landraces and six released varieties of faba bean were analyzed. Analysis of variance showed significant to very high significant differences for most of the traits. In this study phenotypic coefficient of variation, genotypic coefficient of variation, broad-sense heritability, and genetic advance as percent of mean revealed medium to high values for most traits. Traits that had a positive direct effect and positive correlation with grain yield could be used as a reliable indicator in indirect selection for higher grain yield. The D2 analysis showed a highly significant difference (P<0.01) among all intra and inter-cluster distances. Therefore, this study indicated that there is an opportunity to improve this crop through simple selection and hybridization in these accessions. Using ISSR molecular markers, the polymorphic information content, marker index, resolving power, and effective multiplex ratio showed average values of 0.32, 5.87, 7.14, and 18.34 per primer, showing high polymorphism values. The marker showed average gene diversity of 0.26, ranging from 0.15 to 0.36. The amount of polymorphism among the landrace accessions ranged from 44.91% for the Sidama population to 72.46% for the East Hararghe population, with a mean of 57.27%. AMOVA indicated 99% and 1% variation within and among populations, respectively. The current study exhibited little to moderate population differentiation and high gene flow. Both distance-based and model-based cluster analysis distinguished seven distinct XVII
groups showing the conformity of results obtained from the study. This study exhibited high genetic diversity of collections from most of the administrative zones.
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Cluster Analysis, Genetic Advance, Heritability, Issr Marker, Population Differentiation, Principal Component