Cultural Competence and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Tertiary Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018
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Date
2018-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Backgrounds: Ethiopian nurses are facing culturally diverse population predominantly due to coexistence of multicultural and multiethnic society in the country. Hence, being able to provide culturally competent nursing care is essential for such culturally diverse population.
Objectives: The main aim of this study was to assess level of cultural competency and its associated factors among nurses working tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa, 2018.
Methodology: An institution based cross sectional study design using quantitative and qualitative method was conducted on nurses working in tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa from March 1- April 30, 2018. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 352 nurses and purposive sampling technique was used to recruit nurses for interview. Data was collected using English version self administered self-made cultural competence questionnaire for nurses (CCQN) scale and semi structured questions through face to face in depth interview. Data was entered into EPi data manager version 4.2.2 and exported to SPSS software version 20.0 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic data analysis method and integrated with quantitative data using triangulation approach.
Results: A total of 343 participants were involved in the study with response rate of 97.4%. The overall cultural competence level of participants was low to moderate (1.94±0.65) with the highest mean was scored for cultural sensitivity (2.54±0.69) and the lowest mean was scored for cultural skill (1.62±0.98). participants’ age, religion, level of education, work experience, current role, ability to speak beside Amharic and English language, previous cultural care education, experience in other hospitals, experience in caring for diverse patients and use of interpreter service were the factors significantly associated with cultural competence at p < .05. Qualitative finding formulated four themes: cultural competence, linguistic competence, cultural competence education and barriers encountered by nurses.
Conclusion: Despite cultural competence of participants was low to moderate; they expressed respect for cultural and religious practice of patients and showed an interest to learn about cultural nursing care. Cultural competence of participants was hindered by several barriers and influenced by several factors that need nurses to overcome it. Therefore, nurses and other responsible bodies should struggle to improve cultural competence of nurses. Lastly, a national representative study with patient’s perspectives was recommended.
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Keywords
Cultural competence, Nurses, Barriers, Tertiary hospital, Addis Ababa