Extraction and Characterization of Atropine from Jimson Seed (Datura Stramonium) as Biopesticide and Evaluate its Bioactivities Against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus Zeamais)
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Date
2021-03
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
The effect of synthetic pesticides on the environment and human health is persistent and very aggressive. A series health problem caused by synthetic pesticides every year in the world to a human being are major treat. The study investigates the extraction of atropine from Jimson seeds for biopesticide application using acid-water extraction method. The parameters used were particle size, extraction temperature, and extraction time. The extraction process stages performed in the experiments are pretreatment, extraction, separation and concentration. The first stage was drying and grinding the raw seed to a particulate size of 550, 750 and 1000μm. The raw seed have had 24.241 % (w/w) of moisture content, with ash and organic matter content of 6.607 %and 93.393% (w/w) respectively. Water was prepared in a ratio of 5:1(ml/gm) for extraction. Finally, the ground seed and the solvent were poured to an extraction vessel with overhead stirrer simultaneously and extraction was carried out until the extraction time becomes finished. The characteristics of atropine were then evaluated using different analytical methods. The result found; retention time of sample 5.5-minute, specific gravity of 1.4164 ± 0.07225, the flash point was 36.06 ± 0.9932oC, water solubility was 99.768 ± 0.0217% (w/v), acidity of atropine was 5.2 ± 0.19 and TVOC’s was 0.17426 ± 0.03%(w/w). Response surface methodology (RSM) of Box – Behnken method was used to justify the factors effect on the yield. The interaction effect of particle size and extraction temperature, particle size and extraction time, and extraction temperature and extraction time had also a significant effect on the yield. Depending on the model optimization design 713μm, 45.42oC, and 2.33h of the factors were found the optimum points with 10.811 yield of extract. Finally, the extracted atropine was characterized using UV Spectrophotometer, FTIR, and HPLC. The results obtained from the acid-water extraction method at different parameters confirmed that the yields were maximum and effect of prepared biopesticide is comparable with commercial synthetic pesticide. The result of assessment of the percent of death of maize weevil after 48hrs and 72hrs, the atropine based biopesticide was efficient in small quantity and less time when compared with chemical synthetic. The percentage of death of maize weevil was 41.6% for 48hours and 83.3% for 72hours for atropine based biopesticide.
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Jimson seed, Atropine, Biopesticide, Maize weevil