Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
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Date
2015-04
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Addis Abeba Universty
Abstract
Back Ground; Malaria is the most important parasitic and vector born disease which is transmitted by infected Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria is a major public health problem in Humera Town and the total population is estimated to be high risk for malaria. The purpose of this study was to verify the existence of malaria outbreak and identify the risk factors for the outbreak in Humera Town. Methods; Unmatched case – control study of 123 cases and 123 controls was conducted in house to house data collecting method in the town from November 4 to 20, 2014 after the high magnitude of malaria cases were report from the woreda. Data related to the risk factors, the knowledge of mode of malaria transmission and its control measures were collected. Data collected on clinical bases, risk factors of the disease and knowledge assessment about the disease and mode of transmission and prevention method surveys were managed and analyzed using a statistical computer program epi info version 7.1.3.3 and Microsoft excel. Results; The overall incidence of malaria in the two weeks outbreak investigation report in Setit Humera was 8.4%. The bulk of the cases were found in the productive age played along in the range of 15-59 with the incidence rate of 172 in 1000 followed by the age group 5 – 14 with the incidence rate of 23/1000. The confirmed cases were P.falciparum (1831, 71.9%), P.vivax (686, 26.9%) and Mixed (21, 0.8%) malaria, which were confirmed microscopically and RDT method. The principal classes of environmental elements were the climatic change and a significant risk of man-made breeding sites (OR = 10.9 (95% CI 4.6 – 25.5)) occurred in the town. There were interrupted rivers crossing the town and Tekeze river made a significant risk factor of vector breeding stagnant water ( OR 3.1 (95% CI 1.7 – 5.9)) that was clearly seen mosquito larvae while the team were on the site. The national malaria prevention and control strategy of continuous provision of malaria prevention method (IRS) seems to fail in Setit Humera. Most of the population was living and staying outside home during the night due to high environmental temperature who were exposed to mosquito bite were more significant (OR = 2.3 (95% CI 1.1 – 4.8)) factors to develop malaria than who stay at home. An increasing number of people at risk whose were unplanned and non-immune during the season was one of the factors to increase the number of cases.
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. Conclusion; This study indicates that living near to the man- made and natural vector breeding sites, failure to apply indoor residual spray, living style of the population and increasing non immune population were the risk factors for the malaria outbreak in the town. It is recommended that sound prevention and control program designed by the country should able to implement in the town to prevent the outbreak of malaria.
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Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP)