Antiretroviral Treatment Associated Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia among HIV Infected Patients at Burayu Health Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2012
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Date
2012-06
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Introduction: Development of HAART has brought significant suppression of viral replication,
decreasing morbidity and mortality and dramatically transforming HIV into chronic disease.
Unfortunately, the prospect of maintaining patients on HAART for long term may be restricted
by a heterogeneous collection of unexpected metabolic abnormalities, including dysregulation of
glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia and lipodystrophy.
Objective: To assess antiretroviral treatment associated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia among
HIV infected patients at Burayu Health Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on adult HIV infected individuals at
Burayu Health Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from September, 2011 to May, 2012. Equal
number of HAART naïve and HAART initiated patients (n=126 each) were included in the
study. Demographic data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire. TC, TG, HDL-C,
LDL-C and glucose were determined using COBAS INTERGA 400 chemistry analyzer. The
data were analyzed using SPSS version 19 software. Chi-square, student-t-test and logistic
regression were used to assess association between variables. P value < 0.05 was considered as
statistically significant.
Result: Of 252 study participants, 72.2% were females, mean age was 35.3 years; mean BMI
was 21.4; mean time with the virus was 20.6 months; 62.7% were married; 48.4% were at
primary educational level; 52.4% were house wives; 15.5% were TB-HIV co-infected and 43.7%
were categorized as WHO stage one. The prevalence of hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia,
hypercholesterolemia, decreased HDL-C and increased LDL-C was 7.9%, 22.8%, 42.1%, 50.8%
and 23% in HAART initiated and 5.6%, 10.3%, 11.1%, 73% and 7.1% in non-HAART groups,
respectively. ART regimens observed as a first line were only containing 2 nucleoside backbones
(from AZT/D4T/3TC/TDF) with either NVP or EFV. Serum TG level ≥200 mg/dl was more
common among patients who received D4T based than those with AZT based antiretrovirals
(34% versus 16.4%, P = 0.029).
Conclusion: First-line HAART is associated with potentially atherogenic lipid profile levels in
patients with HIV infection compared to untreated patients in our setting. This indicates glucose
and lipid profile levels need to be monitored regularly in HIV infected patients taking
antiretroviral treatment.
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Keywords
Antiretroviral Treatment ,Hyperglycemia,Dyslipidemia ,HIV , Patients