Incidence and associated factors of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients underwent abdominal surgery in multiple public hospitals, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study
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Date
2021-09
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Postoperative pulmonary complication is a general term of affecting the
respiratory system that can alter the clinical course of patients. Its incidence in the world is wide
(5-60%) and it leads to morbidity, mortality, and long hospital stay. Managing patients who
develop postoperative pulmonary complications requires an understanding of respiratory
physiology occurring after surgery and anesthesia as well as a knowledge of factors associated
with the development of postoperative pulmonary complications.
Objectives: To assess the incidence and associated factors of postoperative pulmonary
complications among adult surgical patients who underwent abdominal surgery in multiple
public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted at Minilik II, Tikur
Anbessa, Zewuditu and Yekatit Hospital and selected purposely. A systematic random sampling
method was employed. Data collection included Socio-demographic and Perioperative factors
employed by using short interview, chart review and medical record. The data was entered and
analyzed using SPSS version 26 and logistic regression also employed. A p-value of <0.05 was
considered as a cutoff point to test for statistical significance.
Result: Among 287 patients who underwent abdominal surgery, 33 % developed postoperative
pulmonary complications. Pneumonia (50%) was the most common complications followed by
atelectasis (24%). Age ≥64 years (AOR=12.091, 95% CI=3.310-44.169), duration of surgery >3
hours (AOR=11.737, 95% CI=3.621-38.039), preoperative oxygen saturation <94% AOR=10.671,
95%CI=3.794-30.016), postoperative serum albumin level <3.5 g/dl (p-value<0.001) were
significantly associated with postoperative pulmonary complications.
Conclusion: The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was high (33%).
Pneumonia (50%) was the most common. Age ≥65 years, duration of surgery >3 hours, SpO2%
< 94%, and serum albumin level <3.5g/dl were strongly associated with postoperative pulmonary
complications. Therefore health professionals should be care given for elderly patients, minimize
operative time < 3 hours, treat the underlying cause of low SpO2% and correct serum albumin
and should be known all possible factors and develop a strategy for the resource-limited area
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Keywords
Pneumonia, upper abdominal, lowers abdominal, risk factors, perioperative