Molecular Detection of Common Respiratory Viruses among Acute Respiratory Illness Cases in Selected Health Facilities of Ethiopia
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Date
2018-04
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Addis Ababa Universty
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) are among the major public health problems
both in developed and developing countries. No any previous studies describing about the types
and magnitude of viral etiologies responsible for acute respiratory infections in both severe acute
respiratory illness (SARI) and influenza like illness (ILI) in Ethiopia except influenza viruses.
Objective: To assess common respiratory viruses among acute respiratory illness cases in
selected health facilities in Ethiopia.
Method: Laboratory test by RT-PCR was conducted at National Influenza Reference Laboratory
of Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) from 01, July, 2017 to 31, October, 2017
combination of retrospective and prospective study designs. Throat/throat and nasopharyngeal
swab samples collected from 01, January, 2015 to 31, December 2016 from influenza sentinel
surveillance sites were selected by systematic random sampling technique for detection of
Parainfluenza viruses1-4 (PIV1-4), Human coronaviruses (HCoV), Human metapneumoviruses A/B
(HMPV A/B); Rhinovirus (RV); Respiratory syncytial viruses A/B (RSV A/B); Human adenovirus
(HAdV), Enterovirus(EV), Human parechovirus (HPeV),Human bocavirus (HBoV) and Influenza
virus C (INF C). Descriptive statistics was done using SPSS version 20.
Results: A total of 422 samples which consisted of 202 (47.9%) male were tested. Children
under age of five years accounted for 47.6% (201) of the tested samples. Equal number of
samples from outpatients and hospitalized cases were tested. Among the tested samples 55.5% (
234/422) were positive for at least one respiratory virus and most frequently detected among
children under five years of age (p=0.023). Respiratory viruses were co-detected in 18.2% (77)
of the samples and 79.2% (61/77) were from SARI cases (p=0.007). The most frequently
detected respiratory viruses were RV (18.7%), RSV A/B, (12.8%), HAdV (11.4%) and PIV1-4
(7.3%). HCoV(6.2%),EV(6.2%), HPeV(5.7%, HMPV A/B(4.5%), HBoV (3.8%). INF C (0.2%)
were also detected
Conclusion and recommendation: The study detected the circulation of wide range of
respiratory viruses among samples from ILI and SARI cases especially among under five
children. Large scale study has to be done to better understand the seasonal variation, spectrum
of illness and severity of ARI due to the different respiratory viruses.
Description
Keywords
Respiratory Virus, Multiplex RT-PCR, Acute respiratory illness, Influenza sentinel surveillance sites, Ethiopia