Epidemiology and Economic Impact Of Foot and Mouth Disease of Cattle In Selected Districts Of Arsi and Bale Zone, Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia
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Date
2022
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects clovenhoofed animals and causes significant economic losses in Ethiopia. To develop effective control and preventive measures, it is necessary to know the status of FMD through continuous surveillance, outbreak investigation, risk factor assessment and analysis of economic impact. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2021 to June, 2022 with the aim of estimate the seroprevalence, identify associated risk factors, identifying circulating serotypes, and analyzing the economic impact of the diseases on cattle in selected districts of the Arsi and Bale zones, Oromia, Ethiopia. A multistage cluster sampling technique for the seroprevalence study was used, and a total of 779 sera samples and 11 epithelial tissue samples were also collected for serotyping. To estimate the economic loss associated with FMD and assess various factors that affect the occurrence of foot-and-mouth disease, a questionnaire survey was conducted. To detect antibodies against non-structural proteins of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), the 3ABC ELISA was employed. In this study, the overall seroprevalence of FMD in cattle was 48.65 % (379/779) (95% CI: 45%- 52%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that districts, breed, age, herd size, and animal composition were significantly associated
with FMD seroprevalence (p< 0.05). The odds of FMD seropositivity were higher in cattle kept with small ruminants (OR = 1.737, 95% CI: 1.195-2.538, p = 0.0039) than in cattle alone. It also revealed that the odds of seropositivity were 1.756 higher in adults compared with young cattle (OR = 1.756, 95% CI: 1.677-3.528, p=0.0000). Of the eleven (11) tissue samples subjected for serotyping by the antigen detection ELISA, nine (9) samples were found positive and three types of FMDV serotypes were identified. The identified serotypes were: serotype A (77.77%), SAT 1 (11.11%), and SAT 2 (11.11%). During the study period, the total economic loss was estimated to be 374025ETB (7333.82USD). It was found that the disease's impact was extremely severe, resulting in massive economic losses. Therefore, further investigation and characterization of the circulating virus serotype and economic consequences should be studied to design appropriate control options.
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Arsi and Bale zone, Risk factors, Seroprevalence, Serotyp, Cattle, Economic loss, Ethiopia, Foot and mouth disease