Exploring Traditional Peacemaking Processes in Ethiopia: Gamo Elders As Model Peacemakers
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Date
2020-06
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Addis Ababa Unversity
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore traditional peacemaking processes in Ethiopia: Gamo
elders as model peacemakers (2018-2020). To achieve the above objective, the researcher uses
qualitative research methodology and exploratory research design. The data are collected
primarily from 12 KIIs, one FGD and observation and secondary sources. Gamo elders have
long experiences in conflict management, resolution and reconciliation. They consider the term
conflict as disagreement, difference and misunderstanding. Participants have mentioned the
negative effects of conflicts as follows: deaths of human life, destruction of private and public
properties, social, economic and political crises, fear, etc. The major sources of conflicts in the
study area are: competition over natural resources such as land (for farm and grazing) and
water (for irrigation and fishing); value and faith-based conflicts; criminal and political related
causes include corruption, insults, theft, etc.; and poverty related pushes like unemployment. To
tackle these, Gamo use traditional peacemaking processes such as the tuuge, iginththo, and
gomppa processes at their traditional institution called dubbusha. Procedurally, cases are seen
according to the appealing procedures of dubbusha. Since 2018, the roles of Gamo elders in
peace-making are increasing. This is because, (1) accessibility, efficiency and effectiveness of
TCMIs; (2) having traditional peacemaking values; (3) weakness of governmental institutions to
provide peace and justice; and (4) the roles of Medias in promoting and introducing the elders
roles to the world. However, their roles are not without challenges and limitations. The
discussed challenges are globalization, politicians’ interference, and institutional barriers,
expansion of urbanization and question of impartiality among elders. In the study area, both
governmental and traditional institutions are working together in the time of crises and
sometimes their relationship is reflected in competition and conflicting. Thus, the researcher
recommends that the relationship between the two institutions should be considered relevant and
avoids unjustified interferences over one another.
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Keywords
Conflict, Peacemaking, Gamo, Elders, conflict management