Magnitude of Congenital Heart Defects and Associated Factors among Children Diagnosed With Congenital Anomalies in Addis Ababa Governmental Hospitals, Ethiopia
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Date
2018-01
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Addis Ababa Universty
Abstract
Back ground: Congenital heart defect (CHD) is a structural heat defect present at birth and it
accounts for nearly one-third of all major congenital anomalies. The most important factors for
the development of CHDs are smoking and alcohol consumption habits of mother, mothers’ past
medical history and emotional status, family history of disease, consanguineous marriages, sex,
age, delivery method and many other factors.
Objective: The objective of this research was to assess the prevalence congenital heart defects
and identify the associated factors among children diagnosed with congenital anomalies in Addis
Ababa governmental Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2017.
Methods and Materials: Hospital based cross-sectional study was carried from the time period
of July 2017- October 2017. The data on congenital anomalies in children were collected using a
structured questionnaire and diagnosis of CHD of children was taken from the children’s medical
records. The sample size was 271and 4 hospitals were selected from 12 governmental hospitals
in Addis Ababa based on patient load. Binary logistic regression followed by multivariate
logistic regression analyses was done to determine factors associated with CHDs. The 95%
confidence interval was determined and associated factors with p-value of less than 0.05 were
considered significant.
Result: The prevalence of congenital heart defects among children diagnosed with congenital
anomalies was estimated to be 35.8%. The most common congenital heart defect was VSD
(Ventricular Septal Defect) 30(30.9%), followed by ASD (Atrial Septal Defects) 23.7%.
Previous history of abortion AOR (Adjusted odd ratio) =1.96; CI (Confidence interval) = (0.277-
0.935); p=0.03) and past history of drug intake during pregnancy (AOR= 2.149; CI= (0.252-
0.861); p= 0.015) were significantly associated with CHD.
Conclusion and Recommendation: Out of the total study participants (271), 134 (49.4%) were
males and 137(50.6%) were females. The present study identified high prevalence of congenital heart defects among children diagnosed with congenital anomalies. Mothers who had previous history of abortion and drug intake during pregnancy were associated with the occurrence of congenital heart defects.
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Keywords
congenital heart defects, congenital anomalies, prevalence, associated factors