Morphometrical, Pathological and Bacteriological Study of Mammary Gland of Cows With Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis in Selected Farms and Abattoirs in Central Ethiopia
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Date
2016-06
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Addis Ababauniversity
Abstract
The cross sectional study was conducted from November 2015 to May 2016 in Bishoftu, Addis
Ababa and Adama areas to evaluate cow’s udder morphometrical changes in relation to mastitis,
mammary gland lesion characterization and isolation and characterization of aerobic bacteria from
lesions. A total of 252 dairy cow from selected dairy farms in Bishofu and 72 udders from Addis
Ababa and Adama municipality abattoirs were included in the study. The study revealed that the
overall prevalence of mastitis was found to be 44.44% with clinical and sub-clinical mastitis
accounting 16.11% and 36.67%, respectively. Morphometrically, cows with longer and thicker teats,
greater distance between hind teats, Longer glandular longitudinal length and shorter teat end to floor
distance had higher frequency of subclinical mastitis and the difference was statistically significant
(P<0.05). However, udder and teat end shape had no significant association (P>0.05) with subclinical
mastitis. Distance between hind teats and front udder height had direct statistically (p<0.05)
association with somatic cell count. Out of 217 quarter milk samples cultured, 147 (67.74%) were
positive for single colony, 46 (21.2%) for mixed bacterial growth and 24 (11.06%) were negative for
bacterial growth. Predominant aerobic bacteria isolated were Coagulase Negative Staphylococci 66
(34.2%) followed by S. aureus 63 (32.8%) and E.coli 40 (20.7%). On the other hand, from culture
result of 53 mammary gland tissue samples collected from abattoirs, the major isolated bacteria were
E. Coli (35cases), streptococci (32 cases), S. aureus (23 cases), Coagulase Negative Staphylococci
(14 cases),, and S. hyicus (11 cases). Tissue sections from abattoir showed glandular epithelial
degeneration and necrosis, atrophy of alveoli and the glands, intestinal fibrosis, acute to sub-acute
suppurative inflammation with neutrophil infiltration and chronic inflammation with mononuclear
cell infiltration. Serum alkaline phosphatase analysis did not show significant difference between
mastitic and non mastitic cows. In conclusion, mastitis was one of diseases of dairy cows in the study
areas which could affect dairy production. Some udder traits could be risk factors to mastitis and
chronic mammary lesions characterized might severely decreased milk production and could be
reason for culling of dairy cows. Therefore udder traits might be part of dairy cattle selection and
improvement programs with detailed further study on the subject in the country.
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Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase, Bacterial isolation, Cow, Ethiopia, Histopathology, Mastitis,
Somatic cell count, and Udder morphometry
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Keywords
Alkaline phosphatase, Bacterial isolation, Cow, Ethiopia, Histopathology, Mastitis, Somatic cell count, and Udder morphometry