Seroprevalence of HBV, HIV and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Selected Health Centers at Yeka Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2018-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis virus causes highly contagious viral infection, which kills millions globally than any other diseases. Among those hepatic viruses, Hepatitis B virus plays pivotal role in causing hepatic failure. Morbidity and mortality increases when it combines with Human immunodeficiency virus which negatively impacts the natural history of Hepatitis B virus, increasing the risks for cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Infection with Hepatitis B virus and Human immunodeficiency virus leads to increased morbidity and mortality as compared to hepatitis B virus infections and independent Human immunodeficiency virus
Objective: To assess seroprevalence and associated factors of HBV, HIV infections among pregnant women attending ANC at selected Health Centers of Yeka Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Methods: A health facility based cross sectional study design was conducted among 400 pregnant women attending four randomly selected Health centers of Yeka Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia between February and March 2018. Convenient sampling technique was used to enroll the pregnant women. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics and possible associated factors. HBsAg was determined using rapid screening test. Positive samples were confirmed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In addition to this, antibodies to HIV-1/2 were tested based on the national testing algorithm of Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were done and a P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.
Result: A total of 400 pregnant women, of whom 4.8% of them were unmarried, enrolled in this study. Seroprevalence of 2.5% (10/400) and 0.5% (2/400) were found for HBsAg and HIV, respectively with co-infection rate of 0.25%. None of the socio-demographic and potential risk factors showed significant association, except history of surgery which showed significant association with HBV infection with an AOR=5.56, 95% CI, 1.14-27.27.
Conclusion: the prevalence of current study implicates a strong need to work on the prevention of HBV and HIV transmission to the community. All pregnant women need to access screening for HBV, and HIV in their antenatal care to prevent HBV and HIV transmission.
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HBV, HIV, Pregnant Women