The Pattern of Head and Neck Cancers of the Oral cavity, Nasal cavity and Paranasal Sinuses, and Salivary Glands at ALERT Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
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Date
2023-12
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Despite substantial clinical advancements that make it possible for earlydetection and treatment, head and neck cancers (HNCs) continue to be a major public healthproblem worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Head and neck cancersaccount for around 5% to 7% of all cancer cases worldwide, exhibiting significant epidemiologicvariability across geographical areas.
Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to determine the patterns of head and neckcancers of the oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and salivary glands at ALERTComprehensive Specialized Hospital Plastic Surgery unit, between May 1, 2015 to May 1, 2023.
Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional chart review of all patients with diagnosis of headand neck cancers seen at ALERT comprehensive specialized hospital, Plastic surgery unit, duringthe study period who fulfill the inclusion criteria was done. The data was cleaned, coded, enteredto SPSS version 26 software and analyzed.
Result and Discussion: A total of 101 patients with HNC of the oral cavity, salivary glands,and nasal cavity/paranasal sinuses were documented during a period under review. Charts of 76patients were chosen for analysis. Male patients constitute 68.4% of all patients. The mean age ofthe study participants was 45.5±19.68 SD. Patients with oral cancers were 47 years old onaverage. Addis Ababa had the highest proportion of patients (30%), followed by the SouthernRegion (27.5%). Lip and oral cavity cancers account for 63.2% of the total cases, followed bysalivary gland malignancies (30.3%). SCC is the most frequent histologic type (54%), followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma (10.5%) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (9.2%). Tobacco usage,consumption of alcohol, and chat chewing were the most frequently noted risk factors. About27.5% of patients had cervical lymph node metastases, and Half of the patients were diagnosed with advanced-stage disease at presentation
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Cancers Oral cavity Nasal cavity Paranasal Sinuses Salivary Glands