The Pattern of Head and Neck Cancers of the Oral cavity, Nasal cavity and Paranasal Sinuses, and Salivary Glands at ALERT Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
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Date
2023-12
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Despite substantial clinical advancements that make it possible for early
detection and treatment, head and neck cancers (HNCs) continue to be a major public health
problem worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Head and neck cancers
account for around 5% to 7% of all cancer cases worldwide, exhibiting significant epidemiologic
variability across geographical areas.
Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to determine the patterns of head and neck
cancers of the oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and salivary glands at ALERT
Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Plastic Surgery unit, between May 1, 2015 to May 1, 2023.
Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional chart review of all patients with diagnosis of head
and neck cancers seen at ALERT comprehensive specialized hospital, Plastic surgery unit, during
the study period who fulfill the inclusion criteria was done. The data was cleaned, coded, entered
to SPSS version 26 software and analyzed.
Result and Discussion: A total of 101 patients with HNC of the oral cavity, salivary glands,
and nasal cavity/paranasal sinuses were documented during a period under review. Charts of 76
patients were chosen for analysis. Male patients constitute 68.4% of all patients. The mean age of
the study participants was 45.5±19.68 SD. Patients with oral cancers were 47 years old on
average. Addis Ababa had the highest proportion of patients (30%), followed by the Southern
Region (27.5%). Lip and oral cavity cancers account for 63.2% of the total cases, followed by
salivary gland malignancies (30.3%). SCC is the most frequent histologic type (54%), followed
by adenoid cystic carcinoma (10.5%) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (9.2%). Tobacco usage,
consumption of alcohol, and chat chewing were the most frequently noted risk factors. About
27.5% of patients had cervical lymph node metastases, and Half of the patients were diagnosed
with advanced-stage disease at presentation
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Keywords
Cancers, Oral cavity, Nasal cavity, Paranasal Sinuses, Salivary Glands