Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among Women of Child Bearing Ages in Selected Health Centers, Kolfe Keranio Sub City, Addis Ababa
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Date
2015-10
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: H.pylori is a gram-negative, spiral shaped, flagellated organism uniquely adapted
to colonize the gastric mucous layer. It affects approximately one half of the world population
and it is more prevalent in developing countries. The increased risk of infection is especially high
occupational status,),(X2 =3.708, P=0.447), number of pregnancies (gravidity) (X2 =8.314,
P=0.140), number of people in house hold (X2=2.479, P=0.140), gestational age (age of
pregnancy) (X2 =7.879, P=0.069) and number of children ( parity) (X2=0.437,P=0.933).
And some expected risk factors like habits of drinking alcohol (P=0.677), cigarette smoking
(P=0.468), chat chewing (p= 0.818), drinking tea and coffee (P=0.757), using water for drinking
(P=1) and Intestinal parasites (P=0.306) between H.pylori stool antigen test positive results,
however, the study subjects who had a habits of drinking alcohol; cigarette smoking and chat
chewing were very few in numbers.
Conclusion: This study showed high prevalence of H.pylori infection among pregnant than non
pregnant women. H.pylori infection was associated with a low hemoglobin value, history of
gastrointestinal illness and presence of Hypermesisgravidum. H.pylori infected pregnant women
showed high rate of anemia than non infected pregnant women. Some expected H.pylori
associated risk factors like presence of intestinal parasites, smoking habit, chewing chat and
drinking alcohol habit do not have significant association with H.pylori infection in this study.
Key words: Anemia, H.pylori, pregnancy, Hemoglobin concentration, H. pylori Stool Antigen
test
among those living in the developing world due to precarious hygiene standards, crowded
households and deficient sanitation associated with this part of the world.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in kolfe keraniyo sub city in two health centers
(Wereda-5 & Woreda- 9) Addis Ababa, Ethiopia among child bearing ages of women, 195
pregnant and 137 non pregnant women matched for aged (16-40 years). A structured
questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data of the study participants. Biological
data such as blood samples were analyzed for determination of hemoglobin concentration and
Stool samples were assessed for the presence of H.pylori infection by H.pylori stool antigens test
kit and the presence of intestinal parasites were also assessed by direct stool examination (wet
smear) and formol- ether concentration techniques.
Data were summarized in frequencies (%) and mean (SD) as appropriate. Chi-square tests,
logistic regression was used in the analysis as needed. In all cases P-value <0.05 was considered
as statistically significant.
Results: The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection among study subjects of child bearing
ages of women was 29 %( 96/332).The prevalence of H.pylori infection was higher in pregnant
women than non pregnant women, 33.8% (66/195) among pregnant women and 21.9% (30 /137)
among non pregnant women (X 2= 5.589 P value = 0.020).
In this study there was statistically association between some association of risk factors and
H.pylori infection like pregnancy status (OR1.825, 95%CI=1.105-3.014, P=0.020), history
Hypermesisgravidum in pregnant women (OR=1.652 95%C.I=1.262-2.162, P=0.00), history of
gastrointestinal illness and low hemoglobin value, (OR=5.259, 95% CI=2.978–14.449, p=0.003).
There was no statistically significance between H.pylori stool antigen test positive results and
sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants including like Maternal age (X2
=3.670, P=0.435), marital status (X2 =0.634, P=0.996), educational level (X2 =3.033, P=0.387)
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Keywords
Anemia, H.pylori, pregnancy, Hemoglobin concentration, H.pylori stool antigen test