Lifecycle Assessment of Paper Production from Raw Wood Pulp and Recycled Waste Paper in Ethiopia
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Date
2024-08
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
In this study, evaluated the environmental impacts associated with paper making recesses at Ethiopia Pulp and Paper Share Company and Anmol products Ethiopia industry, Ethiopia, by employing the life cycle assessment techniques. The International Standard Organization 14040 framework and guidelines guided this assessment, focusing on manufacturing one unit of white and yellow Manila paper. Data was gathered through site observations, lab experiment, documents, measurement record and database. The functional unit examined was based on the Cumulative Energy Demand, the ReCiPe2016 v1.03: Midpoint and Intergovernmental Panel on climate change 2021 method. The assessment considered both renewable and non-renewable energy consumption across six impact categories. The results indicate that the production of white Manila paper exhibited the primary energy demand of 5.095 MJ-Eq with highest primary biomass consumption, primarily due to the Kraft pulp production processes from both hard and softwood, which cumulatively contributed 88%, Conversely, yellow Manila paper production showed the total energy demand of 2.778 MJ-Eq with highest primary biomass consumption, attributed to the significant use of renewable energy for hard and soft wood pulp making. From the impact analysis, Terrestrial eco toxicity (0.924 and 0.112 kg 1, 4 –DCB- Eq), Human Toxicity –carcinogenic (0.00243 and 4.39E-04kg 1, 4 –DCB- Eq), Human toxicity-non-carcinogenic (0.175 and 4.94E-02 kg 1, 4 –DCB- Eq ), Global warming - GWP20a (0.0587 and 1.02E-02 kg CO2-Eq), ozone depletion (1.474E-07 and 3.63E-08 kg CO2-Eq) and Freshwater Eutrophication (1.37E-05 kg PO-4Eq) for white and yellow Manila paper respectively. The result revealed that the environmental burdens vary with the variations of input and output types. The pulp production was major contributors to the environmental burdens for both white and yellow Manila paper. Therefore, the company owners and management should evaluate environmental performance which helps for strategic decision and planning.
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Keywords
Life Cycle Assessment, Paper Product, Recipe Mid-Point 2016, Cumulative Energy Demand, Open Lca Software, Production Process, Unit Process.