Factors associated with surgical site infection after cesarean deliveries.
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Date
2025
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Addis Ababa Uinverstiy
Abstract
Surgical site infection is a common major complication after cesarean sections
worldwide. Post-CS SSI incidence varies the income level of the country. The magnitude of
morbidity and mortality related to post-CS SSI still remains major despite improvements in
surgical techniques and preventive strategies.
Objective: -To determine factors associated with surgical site infection after cesarean deliveries
in TASH, ZMH and GMH, Addis Ababa, 2025 G.C.
Method: -Hospital based case control study was conducted at three hospitals of Addis Ababa
University (TASH, GMH and ZMH). A total of 366 participants were included with 1:2 ration of
SSI and non-SSI participants from January1/2024 to May 30/2025.Study participants were
selected using random sampling method.
Descriptive statistics were used for determining the associated factors of SSI. Presence and
degree of association between outcome and independent variables were computed through
bivariate logistic regression analysis. For factors having P value of ≤ 0.05, the multivariate
logistic regression analysis were used.
Result: -The study identified several significant predictors of SSI. Women who underwent
emergency cesarean sections were 3.6 times more likely to develop SSI compared to those who
had elective procedures (AOR = 3.6; 95% CI: 1.97–13.74). Similarly, participants residing
outside Addis Ababa had a 2.2-fold increased risk (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.88–5.62). The
presence of maternal comorbidity increased the risk by 3.2 times (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.50–
6.67), while clinical chorioamnionitis was associated with a 6.3-fold rise in SSI risk (AOR = 6.3;
95% CI: 1.06–37.92). Cesarean sections performed during the second stage of labor were 2.6
times more likely to result in SSI (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.13–6.09). Additionally, women with
grade III meconium-stained amniotic fluid had a 10.9 times higher risk of developing SSI
compared to those with grade I meconium (AOR = 10.9; 95% CI: 1.97–13.74).
Conclusion:Conclusion: Multiple maternal, clinical, and procedural factors were independently
associated with increased risk of SSIs following cesarean sections. Targeted interventions
focusing on improved intrapartum care, infection control measures, and surgical training are
essential to reduce the incidence of SSIs.
Description
Keywords
cesarean delivery, superficial surgical site infection