The Magnitude of Antihypertensive Medications Adherence, Blood Pressure Control and Associated Factor Among Hypertensive Patients at Selected Health Center ,A.A, Ethiopia.
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Date
2024-02-08
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, contributing to high
mortality and morbidity, particularly in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Studies
indicate a rising incidence of stroke in developing nations, with intracerebral
hemorrhage disproportionately affecting low-income populations. Assessing blood
pressure control, medication adherence, and associated factors is essential for
identifying key contributors to the increasing stroke burden and guiding targeted
interventions. While most existing data come from hospital-based studies, this research
focuses on primary healthcare facilities, where a significant proportion of hypertensive
patients receive follow-up care. Future studies can explore additional contributing
factors to the growing burden of stroke in developing countries.
Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted using multi-stage sampling at selected
health centers from October to December 2024. Data were collected via structured
questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Multiple logistic regression model
wasemployedtodetermine factors associated with BP control and medication
adherence.
Results: Of 348 patients, only 27.3% achieving the target Blood pressure of <130/80
mmHg,while 35.1% fellinto the category of 130/80-139/89 mmHgand 35.9% hadhigh
BP(>139/89 mmHg),indicating poor control. High medication adherence was observed
in 43.1%ofparticipants, 32.2% moderate adherence, but 24.7% had low adherence.
Factors significantly associated with BP control included adherence levels, frequency of
BPmonitoring, appointment frequency, education, income, and age. Medication
adherence wasinfluenced by income, appointment frequency, blood pressure
monitoring frequency, fruit consumption, and salt intake. Lifestyle modifications such as
exercise and dietary habits showed concerning trends but were not significant
predictors in the regression model. Significant proportion of the patients are on
monotherapy.
Conclusion: Poor blood pressure control and suboptimal medication adherence
underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions to reduce the burden of stroke
and other hypertension-related complications in Ethiopia. Key strategies include
enhancing patient education, improving access to healthcare and strengthening
healthcare systems through regular follow-up appointments and promoting home blood
pressure monitoring. Additionally, promoting healthy lifestyle choices, addressing
financial barriers, and optimization in treatment regimens to prevent therapeutic inertia
are essential to improving hypertension management. These efforts can help mitigate
the burden ofstroke and other cardiovascular diseases. Further research,
including longitudinal and qualitative studies, is recommended to explore underlying
barriers, identify effective intervention strategies, and investigate other contributing
factors beyond hypertension-related issues.
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Keywords
The magnitude of antihypertensive, blood pressure control, patients at selected health center