Self-reported adverse drug reactions and adherence of dolutegravir containing antiretroviral therapy regimens among patients in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle City, Tigray region, Ethiopia
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Date
2024-08
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Despite being introduced into the ART regimen recently due to its many
advantages, the tolerability of dolutegravir (DTG) has been questioned because of adverse
reactions resulting in medication non-adherence and discontinuations. Therefore, this study
aimed to assess self-reported adverse reactions and medication adherence of dolutegravir (DTG)
based first line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized
Hospital.
Method: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2022.
Data were collected from medical records of patients and face to face interview. Statistical
Package for Social Science (SPSS) window version 25 was used to analyze the data. The
continuous and categorical variables were reported by mean/SD and frequency/percentage,
respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify predictors. Statistical
significance was set at p-value <0.05.
Result: From a total of 357 participants, 38.9% (139) developed at least one adverse drug
reaction. The most frequent reported ADRs were weight gain (21.8%), headache (19.6%) and
insomnia (10.6%). Rural residence (AOR=0.362, 95%CI (0.134-0.977), p=0.045), WHO stage
1&2 (AOR=8.582, 95% CI (1.669-44.136), p=0.010), and co-medications (AOR=2.606, 95%CI
(1.116-6.086), p=0.027), were significantly associated with self-reported adverse drug reactions
in the multivariate analysis. In this study suboptimal adherence (84.6%) was reported.
Participants who did not use co-trimoxazole prophylaxis (AOR=0.402, 95%CI (0.181-0.893),
p=0.025), were found to be significantly associated with self-reported non-adherence.
Conclusion: A substantial number of ADRs associated with DTG based cART were reported in
the study setting. Residence, WHO stage at entry and co-medications were significant predictors
of ADRs. The level of medication adherence among the participants was suboptimal and
participants who did not take cotrimoxazole prophylaxis were associated with poor adherence.
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Keywords
Self-reported, Adverse Drug Reactions, Dolutegravir, Adherence, Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital