Determinants of Household Food Security in Addis Ababa City
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Date
2025-02-11
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A.A.U
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine household food security and its
determinants in Addis Ababa by using household socio economic survey data
collected by ESS and logistic regression method. The logistic regression results
revealed that the sex and education level of household head, adult male equivalent,
share of food consumption expenditure and household income are significant factors
of food security. Accordingly male-headed households are significantly more likely to
achieve kilocalorie sufficiency, with an odds ratio of 1.79 (p = 0.010). The results
revealed that a thousand unit increases in income raises the likelihood of being food
secured by approximately 2.97 times, holding other variables constant. Therefore
income is found to be a strong positive association with calorie sufficiency. Another
strong factor is education of household. A change in in education level give raise to
the odds of kilocalorie sufficiency by 27% (p = 0.016). on the other hand, family
composition has negative association with food security such that each additional
adult equivalent decreases the odds of sufficiency by 39% (p < 0.001) implying the
chance of large adult equivalent families for greater strain on financial and food
resources. In this study a percentage increase in the share of expenditure on food
raises the odds by 3% (p < 0.001), implying the more food budget the more likely to
achieve dietary adequacy and the lower the income the more vulnerable the
households are. Each unit increase in log of household income raises the odds by 8%
(p = 0.011) revealing better financial capacity in ensuring access to adequate and
nutritious food. Therefore, a policy option of supporting female-headed households,
promotion of educational and enabling access to income-generating initiatives could
help to improve food security.
Key Words: food, security, insecurity, vulnerability, household, determinant,
variable, logistic regression.