Iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized using banana peels (Musa spp.) extract for delivery of ciprofloxacin against resistant Escherichia coli
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Date
2023
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Resistance to antimicrobials is one of our most significant worldwide challenges. In Africa,
around 31% of the infections of urinary tract (UTIs) initiated by Escherichia coli (E. coli) have
been observed to develop ciprofloxacin (CIP) resistance. As a result, significant efforts have
been made to investigate novel and improved antibiotics. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown
to have significant efficacy in medication delivery against multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of
the bacteria. Green synthesized metal oxide NPs using plant extract is eco-friendly,
biocompatible, less toxic, cost-effective and rapid method to control such emergent. This study
aimed at synthesizing iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) using banana peels (Musa Spp.) extract
for delivery of CIP against resistant E. coli. The preparation of IONPs was done by green
synthesis method. The extract of banana peels was employed as an agent of reduction and
stabilization for the precursor ions of iron used in the manufacture of IONPs. Fourier-transform
infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD),
ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and
differential thermal gravimetry (DTG) were used to characterize the manufactured and
medication-loaded IONPs. DLS, UV-vis, and FTIR were once utilized to assess load capacity
and encapsulating capability of IONPs. CIP-IONPs were evaluated for its efficient release of the
loaded drug in three different simulation media using UV-vis spectrophotometer and for its in
vitro antimicrobial susceptibility. The formation of hematite (α-Fe2O3) was confirmed with its
FTIR characteristic peak for it at 461cm-1, 542cm-1 and 1131cm-1. The size of synthesized IONPs
were found to be 10.4nm ± 1.98, 48nm ± 0.9 and 67.3nm ± 0.9 under XRD, SEM and DLS
measurements respectively. CIP-IONPs had almost the maximum drug loading capacity (33.3%
± 0.67) with fast and slow drug release pattern at gastric and intestinal or blood pH respectively.
The antimicrobial susceptibility study also showed a significant resistance reversal effect for
ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli. Green synthesized IONPs were produced efficiently using a
banana peels extract. It had a recommended characteristics and application. And it will be a good
alternative in alleviating the emergent CIP resistant E. coli.
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Keywords
Antimicrobial resistance, Green synthesis, Iron oxide nanoparticles, Ciprofloxacin, Banana peels extract, E. coli.