Optimization of Millimeter Wave Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Application Using Genetic Algorithm
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Date
2023-12
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
In the telecommunications industry, wireless communications have progressed very rapidly in the last two decades. The requirement for high data rates and the paucity of spectrum in existing wireless communication drive next-generation communication technology to mm-wave frequencies, which also require adequate and efficient antenna technology for successful operation. These signals, however, have a high path loss and are susceptible to blocking. These mm-wave signal propagation challenges can be overcome by using high-directivity, wide-band, and multi-band antennas. Nonetheless, creating such a high-performance antenna in every way is a challenging endeavor. This dissertation discourses on the modeling, optimizing, and synthesizing of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with dual-band and multi-band service for mm-wave communication using a binary-coded genetic algorithm to improve the directivity and bandwidth. The algorithm iteratively creates new models of patch surfaces by employing an iterative combination of HFSS and MATLAB software, and then returns the best antenna model. Accordingly, the dissertation exhibits improvements in the directivity, bandwidth, and multi-functionality of a single microstrip antenna. With patch geometry optimization, a dual-band antenna was optimized and resonated at 28.0 GHz and 46.6 GHz with acceptable performance. Another optimization was carried out on a single microstrip antenna for triple band operation and directivity improvement. The optimized antenna resonated at three distinct frequency bands centered at 28.0 GHz, 40.0 GHz, and 47.0 GHz, and demonstrates broadside radiation patterns with peak directivities of 7.7 dB, 12.1 dB, and 8.2 dB, respectively. On the other hand, bandwidth melioration was achieved by a genetically optimized quad-band antenna, which was resonated at four frequencies centered at 28.3 GHz, 38.1 GHz, 46.6 GHz, and 60.0 GHz, and a total operating bandwidth of 11.5 GHz. The dissertation also presents a penta-band mm-wave antenna for wearable applications. The proposed antenna designed on PTFE fabric substrate and resonates at five distinct frequencies: 27.8 GHz, 30.3 GHz, 40.1 GHz, 47.2 GHz, and 56.7 GHz. In free space, the antenna achieves a wide bandwidth of 0.69, 2.32, 2.22, 1.76, and 8.11 GHz and an improved broadside directivity of 10.3, 8.5, 7.8, 9.6, and 8.9 dB, respectively. Overall, the optimized antennas performances were suitable for multi-functional mm-wave applications.
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Keywords
mm-wave communication, microstrip antenna, genetic algorithm optimization, dual-band antenna, triple band antenna, quad-band antenna, penta-band antenna, directivity improvement, bandwidth enhancement