Psychiatry
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Item Prevalence of Test Anxiety and Associated Factors among Addis Ababa University Graduating Students: Cross-Sectional Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-13) Adamu Gudina; Wubalem FekaduTest anxiety is a psychological and emotional factor that affects students. Studies about test anxiety, including previous research in Ethiopia, have primarily focused on medical and health science students, leaving a gap in understanding test anxiety across fieldsItem Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Depressive Disorders Receiving Outpatient Care in Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-02-23) Azeb Solomon; Engida GirmaDepression is a prevalent mental health illness that significantly affects sexual function in both men and women. The purpose of this study was to investigate how common sexual dysfunction is in people with depressive illnesses and factors that are contributing to itItem Conceptualization and Experience of Expressed Emotion among People with Schizophrenia and their Caregivers; Qualitative Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-03-23) Estifanos Endalamaw; Wubalem FekaduSchizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are psychotic disorders and severe mental illnesses manifested by positive and negative symptoms. High expressed emotion, which comprised of criticism, emotional oveinvolvement and hostility of care givers towards people with those mental illnesses has been implicated as a reason for frequent relapse.Item Prevalence of Test Anxiety and Associated Factors among Addis Ababa University Graduating Students: Cross-Sectional Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-13) Adamu Gudina; Wubalem FekaduTest anxiety is a psychological and emotional factor that affects students. Studies about test anxiety, including previous research in Ethiopia, have primarily focused on medical and health science students, leaving a gap in understanding test anxiety across fields.Item Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Depressive Disorders Receiving Outpatient Care in Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-19) Azeb Solomon; Engida GirmaDepression is a prevalent mental health illness that significantly affects sexual function in both men and women. The purpose of this study was to investigate how common sexual dysfunction is in people with depressive illnesses and factors that are contributing to it.Item Conceptualization and Experience of Expressed Emotion among People with Schizophrenia and their Caregivers; Qualitative Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Estifanos Endalamaw; Wubalem FekaduSchizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are psychotic disorders and severe mental illnesses manifested by positive and negative symptoms. High expressed emotion, which comprised of criticism, emotional oveinvolvement and hostility of care givers towards people with those mental illnesses has been implicated as a reason for frequent relapseItem Prevalence and Associated Factors of Suicidal Ideation and Attempt among University Students at Addis Ababa University; A Cross-Sectional Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-03) Etsubdink Mekbib; Meron GetachewSuicide is a self-inflicted harm to oneself with the intent of dying. Suicidal ideation is the act of considering, contemplating, or intending to commit suicide; while suicidal attempt is when someone harms themselves with the intention of ending their life but does not pass away because of their acts. It affects people in all age groups across the world. Suicide is one of the major public health concerns affecting many people around the world. The contributing factors to the rise in suicide rates among university students in Ethiopia, as well as in Addis Ababa could be availability of mental health resources and support, the stigma surrounding mental health and lack of awareness and education about suicide prevention. Understanding the prevalence and contributing factors to suicide among university students is crucial in developing effective prevention strategiesItem Experiences of Patients Attending the Psychiatry Emergency outpatient Department of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital: Qualitative Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-19) Hawi Wondimu; Abebaw FekaduPsychiatry emergency departments often serve patients who have complex and severe mental health conditions which are meant to relieve the emergent mental health crisis. However, the experiences of the service users at the place of the psychiatry emergency were poorly explored especially from a setting of low-income country. Understanding their experience would help in identifying areas for improvement in the provision of careItem Lived Experience of Caregivers of People With Schizophrenia at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-10) Martha Gobena; Advisors: Professor Charlotte Hanlon (Professor of Global Mental Health)Schizophrenia can be one of the most disabling of all mental health conditions , due to the effects of psychotic symptoms, associated cognitive impairment and substantial disturbance to psychosocial functioning Schizophrenia not only impact s the life of the affected person but also those around them e specially the caregivers. Describing the impact of caring for a relative with schizophrenia in terms of social leisure, family relation s , work and financial difficulty of care givers is important. In addition to this exploring their coping mechanisms is also important to develop or improve intervention programs that could improve patient and family outcomeItem Unveiling the Intriguing World of Nonprescription Opioid Use: A CaptivatingExploration at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (Sphmmc) and Zewditu Memorial Hospital (Zmh), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-19) Melaku Tesfaye; Awoke MihretuOpioids are psychoactive chemicals, including those that are synthetic, semi-synthetic, and naturally occurring. They are prescribed by doctors to treat both acute and chronic pain. Problematic Opioid use can be associated with different negative consequences including addiction, overdose death, and infectious diseases like Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) associated with injectable opioid use, as a result of repeated use or sharing of injection. In Ethiopia, there is a lack of understanding regarding the non-medical use of opioids.Item The Lived Experiences of Stress, Burnout and Coping Strategies of Burnout Among Residents in College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University: A Qualitative Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-05) Rediat Solomon; Azeb AsaminewMedical Residents are more likely than the overall population to experience depression, suicide, and stress-related illnesses. Even if the burden and effect of burnout and work-related stress on residents is huge worldwide, qualitative studies on this subject are limited in Africa and specifically, Ethiopia. Therefore, understanding the coping strategies and lived experiences of residents will provide knowledge on this area for future development of interventions.Item Assessment of Professional Mental Health Help Seeking Attitude and Behavior And Associated Factors among Health Professionals at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from July to August 2023; Cross Sectional Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-05) Ruth Abraham; Selam AberraHealth professionals are trained to care for others and to put their patients’ needs above their own. In addition to the work-related stress, they are faced with non-occupational issues related to work life balance and financial issues. Health professionals give less attention to their own health and they often find it hard to seek help when their suffering is a result of mental distress. Although the mental health help seeking attitude and behavior in the community has been studied, there is no study to assess professional mental health help seeking attitude and behavior among health professionals done in EthiopiaItem Assessment of School Enrollment and Associated Factors among Children and Adolescents with Neurodevelopmental Disorders on Follow up at TASH, ZMH, Y12HMC and AMSH. Addis Ababa,Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-10) Simret Gebre; Fikirte GirmaNeurodevelopment in children is a dynamic inter relationship between various components including genetic, brain, cognitive, emotional and behavioral processes throughout the developmental lifespan. Neurodevelopmental diseases and disabilities can be caused by a significant and ongoing interrupti on to this dynamic process caused by environmental and genetic risk. Impairments in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning are hallmarks of these disorders . When these children reach school age, they are at greater risk of having special e ducational needs and experiencing difficulties in their learning or socialization at school. The number of children with disability attending school is extremely low in developing nations, and the overall enrollment rate is frequently under 10% in those na tions where statistics are available. Although some research in our country have attempted to study this, there is a shortage of information specifically related to neurodevelopmental diseases.Item Juvenille offenders‘ Perspective on their Violent offending Behavior, Exploratory Qualitative Study Lideta Remand Home, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-05) Tilahun Gizaw; Asnake LimenheThis study aimed to explore juvenile violent offenders' perspective about their offending behavior by using exploratory qualitative methodology. Fourteen participants convicted of violent behavior were recruited from the sites and consented to participate in the study. A semi-structured one to one in-depth interview was conducted to elicit the juvenile perspective and analyzed using both inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Data analysis subsequently revealed four common themes among participants. These themes are: (1) Perceived influence (2) Individual difference on process of offending, (3) response after violence l (4) consequence. The results of this study can be explained by cognitive, psychodynamic, general strain theory social learning theory and the violence abuse cycle model.Item Stigma among Help Seeking People with Alcohol use Disorder, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a Facility Based Qualitative Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-10) Yodit Endalamaw; Awoke MihretuAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most highly stigmatized conditions. Stigma has several impacts on people with AUD such as decreasing their self-esteem, negatively affecting social relationships, and leading to maladaptive coping strategies like withdrawal and secrecy. Despite evidence indicating that individuals with AUD perceive and experience stigma in the healthcare system, leading to decreased help seeking behavior and diminished recovery in various contexts, there is a lack of understanding regarding the stigma of AUD in Ethiopia.Item Exploring the Experiences of Individuals Involved in Sports Betting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; a Qualitative Study(Addis Ababa University, 2023-12-19) Mesay Teshome; Awoke MihretuSports betting is the activity of predicting sports results and placing a wager on the outcome. It is one of the most popular, rapidly evolving, and attractive forms of gambling. The DSM-5 mentions sports betting as a form of gambling preferred by younger groups of individuals. Researchers have identified that sports betting is associated with an increased risk of gambling-related harms like relationship difficulties, crime, and physical and mental health problems. There are only a few cross-sectional surveys in Ethiopia that show the prevalence of sports betting. But inductive exploration of the reasons for their engagement and of their experience is not systematically explored. Hence, this study explored the perceptions and experiences of individuals involved in sports betting in Addis Ababa, EthiopiaItem Exploring the Experiences of Individuals Involved in Sports Betting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; a Qualitative Study(Addis Ababa University, 2023-12-10) Mesay Teshome; Beakal AmareSports betting is the activity of predicting sports results and placing a wager on the outcome. It is one of the most popular, rapidly evolving, and attractive forms of gambling. The DSM-5 mentions sports betting as a form of gambling preferred by younger groups of individuals. Researchers have identified that sports betting is associated with an increased risk of gambling-related harms like relationship difficulties, crime, and physical and mental health problems. There are only a few cross-sectional surveys in Ethiopia that show the prevalence of sports betting. But inductive exploration of the reasons for their engagement and of their experience is not systematically explored. Hence, this study explored the perceptions and experiences of individuals involved in sports betting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Item Exploring Healthcare Practitioners’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in Diagnosing and Treating Functional Neurologic Disorder at Black Lion Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Qualitative Study(Addis Ababa University, 2023-12-05) Liya Jemal; Getahun TibebuFunctional neurologic disorder (FND) is a common disorder that requires a multidisciplinary approach to diagnose and treat it. Failing to properly diagnose and treat FND can lead to poor outcomes and unnecessary financial burden for patients. More research is needed on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare practitioners regarding FND, particularly in EthiopiaItem Lived Experience of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students With Depressive Symptom in Addis Ababa University(Addis Ababa University, 2023-11) Mindaye,Selamwit; Hailu,Henok (MSC); Girma,Fikirte(MD)Background: Deaf and hard of hearing students face numerous challenges and barriers in higher education settings that can significantly impact their overall experience and academic success. Despite advancements in technology, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the lived experience of these students and their specific challenges Objective: To explore the lived experience of DHH students with depressive symptom. Methods and material: The study was conducted to understand the lived experience of deaf and hard of hearing students with depressive symptom in Addis Ababa University. To conduct the research PHQ 9 was administered to identify students who are experiencing depressive symptoms and In-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out to explore lived experience of DHH students with depressive symptom. I interviewed 10 deaf and hard hearing students to get a better sense of their situation. Result: The number of participant was 10 and the classification and range for the PHQ 9 From Moderate depression to severe (10 and above). Participants explained they face significant communication barriers due to the lack of sign language interpreters and the limited understanding of sign language among others leading to misunderstandings, frustration, and isolation which hinder their academic progress and contribute to feelings of discouragement. Additionally, there frequently encounter stereotypes and negative perceptions from others, which can lead to feelings of discrimination. DHH students are at an increased risk of depression due to the challenges they face in communication, accessibility, and social interactions. Item Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Association With Common Mental Disorders Among Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences Undergraduate Students(Addis Ababa University, 2023-12) Gezahegn,Yishak; Worku,Benyam (Ass.Prof.); Pain,Clare(Prof.); Mihretu,Awoke (PhD)Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences refer to various traumatic or challenging events and circumstances that can occur during childhood. These experiences can have long-lasting negative effects on an individual’s physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe Adverse Childhood Experiences and their association with common mental disorders among College of Health Science Students at Addis Ababa University. Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted employing a stratified random sampling with a sample of 345 undergraduate students. The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Socio demographic, ACE-IQ, PHQ-9, GAD- 7, and a brief assessment tool for substance use was used. Binary and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the association between ACEs, dependent and independent variables. Result: In the total sample (N = 345), the participant’s mean age was 22.2, with the majority being females (58%). 15.9% of the participants had depression symptoms (scored more than 10 in PHQ-9 score) and 14.2% had anxiety symptoms (scored more than 10 in GAD 7 score). Majority of the participants (80%) had at least one ACE and one fourth (25.2%) of the participants had experienced 4 or more ACEs. The most prevalent type of ACE was community violence (35.4%). One fifth (20%) of the participants had reported having experienced childhood sexual abuse. After controlling for confounding variables, those with 4 or more ACEs were 6.17 times (aOR 6.17; 2.51, 15.18) and 6.0 times (aOR 6.0; 2.25, 16.02) more likely to have depression and anxiety respectively. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of depression and anxiety among undergraduate college of health science students of Addis Ababa University. Adverse childhood experiences are also highly prevalent among the participants. There was a dose response relationship between ACEs and both anxiety and depression after controlling for confounding variables. Recommendation: Identifying and preventing ACEs at an early stage could contribute to reducing the prevalence of depression and anxiety among college students. Effort to prevent ACEs should target not just individuals but also extend to households and communities.