Physiology

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    The Association Between Low Maternal Serum Magnesium and Calcium Levels with Preterm Delivery and Low Birth Weight; In East Gojjam Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-02-04) Hailay Kiros; Muluken Walle
    Background: Micronutrients Like Magnesium and Calcium have a Significant Impact on The Health of Pregnant Women and the Growing Fetus. They are Involved in Protein Synthesis, Bone Matrix Development, Energy Metabolism, Regulation of Muscle Contraction, and Hormone Secretion. The Deficiency of These Micronutrients in Pregnant Women Could be Associated with Adverse Birth Outcomes Like Low Birth Weight and Preterm Delivery. However, Their Association with Preterm Delivery and Low Birth Weight in Ethiopia has not been Determined. Objective: To Determine the Association Between Maternal Serum Magnesium and Total Calcium Levels with Preterm Delivery and Low Birth Weight in east Gojjam Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia. Methods: An Institutional-Based Cohort Study Was Conducted Among 196 Pregnant Women with Preterm Births (24), Term Births (172), Normal Birth Weight (168) And Low Birth Weight (28) From June 2019 to December 2020. A Questionnaire Adopted from EDHS And FIGO Was Used to Collect Data on the Socio Demographic Characteristics, Anthropometric and Obstetric Conditions of Pregnant Women. 5ml of Blood Was Collected and the Maternal Serum Mg2+ And Ca Levels Were Measured Using a Chemistry Analyzer; Unicel Dxl. All Statistical Data Were Performed by Using SPSS Version 25.0. Independent T Test Was Used to Compare the Means of Magnesium and Calcium Levels Between the Groups. Binary Logistic Regression Was Used to Predict the Occurrence of Preterm Delivery And/ or Due To Hypomagnesemia and/ or Hypocalcemia. A P-Value < 0.05 Was Used to Declare Statistical Significance. Results: The Mean ± SD Age of the Study Participants Was 25.98 ±4.37 (Range:16-38). The Majority Were Married (99%), Between 21-30 Years (73.0%), House Wives (41.3%), Had Completed Senior Secondary Education (31.3%) And Live in Urban Areas (85.8 %) With Medium Income (45.5%). Moreover, More Than Half of the Participants (52.6%) Were Primigravida. The Prevalence of PTD and LBW in the Study Population Was 12.2 % And 14.28 % Respectively. Maternal Serum Magnesium Level Was Significantly Associated with Preterm Delivery (T=-6.323, P<0.001) and LBW (T=-3.34, P=0.01)). Maternal Total Calcium Level Was Not Significantly Associated with Preterm Delivery (X2=1.768 P=0.184), T=-0.779, P=0.437)) But It Was Significantly Associated with LBW (X2=6.075, P=0.014). Conclusion: Maternal Magnesium Level was Significantly Associated with PTD and LBW While Maternal Serum Total Calcium Was Significantly Associated With LBW. The Results Demonstrated How Important Maternal Mg2+ and Total Calcium Levels are in Influencing low Birth Weight and Preterm Delivery.
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    ABO and Rh Blood Groups Association with Preeclampsia Risk: Maternal Factors, Adverse Outcomes, and Hematological Profiles at Nekemte Hospital, Nekemte Town, Western Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-04) Debissa Kefiyalew; Abebaye Aragaw
    Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex, multisystem disorder that causes significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies suggest an association between ABO/Rh blood groups and preeclampsia, but studies that examined these associations in Ethiopia remain shortcoming. Objective: To investigate the association between ABO/Rh blood groups and preeclampsia risk, by assessing maternal factors, adverse outcomes, and hematological profiles among pregnant women at Nekemte Hospitals that is located in Wallaga, Western Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based comparative prospective study was conducted in Nekemte town that included 208 pregnant women (104 with PE and 104 normotensives), chosen using a convenience sampling technique. Data were entered in Epi Info (version 3.1) and analyzed using SPSS® (version 27). Chi-square tests and logistic regression (p< 0.05), Higher RDW (32.942.17 vs. 24.831.50%, p< 0.05), and elevated neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts among PE women compared to normotensive controls (p < 0.05). Regarding maternal outcomes, PE was linked to higher cesarean section (71.4%), and pregnancy termination rates (94.7%) (p < 0.05). Neonates of PE women had lower mean birth weights (2608.1754.54 gm. vs. 3281.25 46.01 gm. p< 0.05), reduced APGAR scores, higher preterm birth (83.3%), IUFD, and early neonatal death (p < 0.05). Most of PE cases (70.2%) occurred after 34 weeks of gestation. However, adverse neonatal outcomes such as low birth weight and reduced APGAR scores were significantly more common in pregnancies between 20-34 weeks (p < 0.05). Conclusion: No association was found between PE and ABO/Rh blood group and BMI. PE was linked to poor ANC follow-up, proteinuria, altered hematological parameters, and adverse neonatal outcomes. This effect suggests the necessity for a better follow-up of pregnant women visiting Nekemte Hospital.
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    The Association Between Low Maternal Serum Magnesium and Calcium Levels with Preterm Delivery and Low Birth Weight; in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-02-01) Hailay Kiros; Muluken Walle
    Background: Micronutrients like magnesium and calcium have a significant impact on the health of pregnant women and the growing fetus. They are involved in protein synthesis, bone matrix development, energy metabolism, regulation of muscle contraction, and hormone secretion. The deficiency of these micronutrients in pregnant women could be associated with adverse birth outcomes like low birth weight and preterm delivery. However, their association with preterm delivery and low birth weight in Ethiopia has not been determined. Objective: To determine the association between maternal serum magnesium and total calcium levels with preterm delivery and low birth weight in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cohort study was conducted among 196 pregnant women with preterm births (24), term births (172), normal birth weight (168) and low birth weight (28) from June 2019 to December 2020. A questionnaire adopted from EDHS and FIGO was used to collect data on the socio demographic characteristics, anthropometric and obstetric conditions of pregnant women. 5ml of blood was collected and the maternal serum Mg2+ and Ca levels were measured using a chemistry analyzer; UniCel Dxl. All statistical data were performed by using SPSS version 25.0. Independent t test was used to compare the means of magnesium and calcium levels between the groups. Binary logistic regression was used to predict the occurrence of preterm delivery and/or due to hypomagnesemia and/or hypocalcemia. A P-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: The mean ± SD age of the study participants was 25.98 ±4.37 (range:16-38). The majority were married (99%), between 21-30 years (73.0%), house wives (41.3%), had completed senior secondary education (31.3%) and live in urban areas (85.8 %) with medium income (45.5%). Moreover, more than half of the participants (52.6%) were primigravida. The prevalence of PTD and LBW in the study population was 12.2 % and 14.28 % respectively. Maternal serum magnesium level was significantly associated with preterm delivery (t=-6.323, P
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    The Lived Experiences of Families with a Member Affected By substance use dis order: a Phenomenological Study at Amanuel mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-12) Amira Mudesir; Getahun Tibebu; Beakal Amare
    Background: Substance use disorder is a rising public health issue in Ethiopia; it affects not only the person who uses the substance but also the family members. Considerable attention was given to the prevalence and associated factors of substance use in Ethiopia, but the lived experiences of families affected by their member's substance use disorder received limited attention. Objectives: This study mainly aimed to understand the lived experiences of families affected by their member's substance use disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It aimed to offer an understanding of the challenges faced by affected families and provide support strategies. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study approach was used to examine the lived experiences of families affected by substance use disorder. Data was gathered from 12 participants through semi-structured individual interviews conducted in Amharic, with the data recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify emerging themes. Results: - There are three major themes identified, reflecting the lived experience of families. These include the psychosocial impact of living with family with SUD, effects on family life and responsibility, and coping mechanisms and support systems. Conclusions: - This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the lived experience of families affected by SUD. Family member experiences show difficult realities. These included emotional distress, stigma, role shifts, disrupted daily life, financial sacrifice, and threats to personal safety. Recommendations: - The study emphasized the need for improving support for families affected by SUD by building long-term care centers, providing counselling and education, training professionals to treat families with respect, and strengthening community support.
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    Exploring The Experiences of Hearing Voices Among People with Severe Mental Illness at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-01-01) Abel Negusie; Barkot Milkias
    Background: Auditory hallucinations, often manifested as hearing voices, present a profound challenge for individuals living with severe mental illnesses, especially those exhibiting psychotic symptoms. Despite their prevalence, the nuanced subjective experiences of these phenomena, particularly in the context of Ethiopian psychiatric care, remain inadequately explored. Objectives: This qualitative study aimed to explore the lived experiences of individuals diagnosed with severe mental illness who experience hearing voices at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Employing a phenomenological approach-qualitative study, the research utilized purposive sampling to recruit participants from the hospital. Data was collected from 9 participants through in-depth individual interviews using semi-structured topic guides. The interview was recorded and transcribed verbatim and then translated to English. Thematic analysis was then employed to distill the rich data obtained, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of participants' subjective experiences. Results: From the data on the experience of hearing voices, 7 themes and a total of 19 subthemes emerged. The core themes include Descriptive Features and Characteristics of the Voices, Attribution and Appraisals of the Voices, Emotions Associated with Hearing the Voices, Impact of the Voices, Coping Strategies and Resilience, and Help Seeking Intention. Conclusion: Exploring the sources, interpretations, and impacts of the voice hearing experiences, has highlighted the complexity of living with auditory hallucinations and the individuality of the experience, its interpretation along with the help seeking intention. Hence, this supports thorough assessment and the design of targeted interventions.