Pediatrics and Child Health

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Browsing Pediatrics and Child Health by Subject "Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy Neonatal Jaundice Neonates"

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    Prevalence, Risk Factors and outcome of Neonatal Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy among Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care unit in Tash and Gmh, Addis Ababa, Case Control Study, 2024/25 G.C.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-05) Mente Yoseph; Moges Tamirat
    Background – Acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) is a clinical syndrome associated with bilirubin toxicity in the CNS, resulting in chronic and permanent sequelae. Despite ABE complications contribute to a substantial burden of neonatal deaths and several neurodevelopmental disorders in the country, there is limited study showing the prevalence and factors associated to ABE. Even the available limited studies were only showing the prevalence of jaundice rather than ABE. Objective – To determine Prevalence, risk factors and outcome of neonatal acute bilirubin encephalopathy among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital (TASH) and Ghandi memorial hospital (GMH) from September 11, 2020 to September 11, 2023 G.C. Methods: A Case Control study was conducted on 218 neonates admitted to intensive care unit of TASH and GMH in Addis Ababa. From the total 2492 of neonates who have neonatal jaundice, 109 neonates who develop acute bilirubin encephalopathy and 109 neonates who did not develop acute bilirubin encephalopathy was included in the study. The total neonates who develop acute bilirubin encephalopathy were 109 and we take all. Simple random sampling was used to select neonates without acute bilirubin encephalopathy. Descriptive statistics used to present the prevalence, the socio-demographic and medical profile of the study participants. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with ABE. Finding was reported using adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval and statistical difference was declared at P-value. Result: A total of 218 neonates were studied in case control study (ABE vs non ABE among jaundiced neonates) and the prevalence of ABE is 4.4%. Factors associated with ABE in study were incompatibility (ABO and RH), previous history of jaundice, neonatal sepsis, severity of hyperbilirubinemia, preterm birth and low Apgar score. In this study, Outcome even after treating with phototherapy and double exchange transfusion were death (16.5%) and chronic bilirubin encephalopathy or kernicterus (11%) Conclusion and Recommendation: The prevalence of ABE in this study was still high as compared other studies With regard to this high ABE prevalence, there is need for health care providers in TASH and GMH to put more emphasis on RH and ABO incompatibility all women tested early as possible during ANC follow up and if women blood group O should be always considered ABO setup. Keywords Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy, Neonatal Jaundice, Neonates