Center for Energy Technology

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Browsing Center for Energy Technology by Subject "biogas"

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    Experimental Analysis of Biogas Production from Seven Types of Feedstocks (Mown Grass, Food Waste, Chicken Manure, Cattle Blood, Cattle Rumen Content, Pig Manure, and Cow Dung)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-07) Henok Girma; Ebrahim Tilahun (PhD)
    The significance and role of biogas in energy production and waste management are growing fast. The most determining factor for the gas composition and microorganism community in biogas production is the type of feedstock used. Biomass such as agricultural residues and livestock wastes are the major feedstocks for producing biogas. Ethiopia is one of the leading potential sources of agricultural and livestock wastes in Africa. Regardless of these resources, the majority of Ethiopians still lack access to clean energy. The feedstocks in most domestic biogas digesters constructed by the national biogas program of Ethiopia were mostly livestock (cattle) wastes. This study was conducted to assess the biogas potential of seven feedstocks that were as mown grass, food waste, chicken manure, cattle blood, cattle rumen content, pig manure, and cow dung under a controlled temperature of 40 ± 0.2 in a 500-mL laboratory scale batch digester. The feedstocks used in this experiment were subjected to characterization before and after digestion and the methane production was measured and normalized on a volatile solids basis. The maximum specific methane yield (mL/g VS) and methane percentages of the mown grass, food waste, chicken manure, cattle blood, cattle rumen content, pig manure, and cow dung were 231 and 79.4%, 82.12 and 67.9%, 177.99 and 77.8%, 173.06 and 68.6%, 350.3 and 77.1%, 127.05 and 77.6%, 32.88 and 69.9%, respectively. The chicken manure and cattle blood had the highest concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, producing 1249 and 1102 ppm, respectively. The grass, food waste and inoculum I also generated 805, 170, and 52 ppm of H2S within 28 days of the HRT. The obtained results showed that utilizing feedstocks beside cow dung could increase the quality and quantity of biogas production.