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Browsing Internal Medicine by Subject "Addis Ababa"
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Item Burden of Tuberculosis in stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis therapy in governmental and non-governmental dialysis centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study(Addis Ababa University, 2023-11) Beyene,Eyob; Amogne,Wondossen(PHD); Melke,Addisu(MD); Jote,Wubshet (MD)Background Patients with End stage renal disease appear to be at a higher risk of TB due to immunosuppression along with socioeconomic, demographic, and comorbidities. Despite high burden of Tuberculosis in developing countries, there is a scarcity of data regarding burden of TB in ESRD in Ethiopia. Objective The objective of this study is to assess the burden of TB in End stage renal patients receiving haemodialysis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on Burden of Tuberculosis in stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis therapy in governmental and non- governmental dialysis centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from August 2022 to October 2022 G.C. Patients with a baseline diagnosis of ESRD on HD and age 18 years and above were included in the study. Patients were recruited during their dialysis visit using convenient sampling method and consent was obtained from all participants. A total of 263 participants were included in this study. The diagnosis of ESRD and TB was defined using KDGIO and WHO guidelines. Data were collected through patients interview and reviewing the patient’s electronic medical records. The Collected Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results Our study found a diagnosis of tuberculosis in 71 (27%) of study participants. Among the study participants who was diagnosed with TB, 64 (24.3%) had a previous diagnosis of TB and 12 had active TB.Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in two-third of TB patients and about third had EPTB, TB lymphadenitis was the commonest followed by pleural TB. Imaging evidence was used to make a diagnosis of TB in one-third patients followed by FNAC (26.6%) and Pleural fluid analysis (26.6%). More than half (54.7%) of TB diagnosis was made after initiation of haemodialysis. More than half (54.7%) of TB diagnosis was made after initiation of haemodialysis. Having a contact history with a known TB patient, presence of HIV infection and duration on dialysis for more than 1 year were associated with increased prevalence of TB among CKD patients. Conclusions Because of its atypical presentation and since it is a mimicker of uremic symptoms, physicians should maintain a high degree of suspicion to consider TB among CKD patients. Early identification and treatment of TB among CKD patients is important in decreasing morbidity and mortality among these patients and in decreasing the transmission of TB among patients who undergo dialysis in the same center. TB preventive therapy should also be considered for this group of patientsItem Maternal and Fetal outcome of Twin Pregnancies among Women who Delivered at three Teaching Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institutional-Based Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study(Addis Ababa University, 2023-10-13) Habtamu Gebeyehu; Dawit DesalegnComplications for the mother and the newborn are more common in twin pregnancies. In developing nations, the results of twin pregnancies have not been thoroughly investigated.. Remarkably limited research on the frequency and effects of twin pregnancies have been conducted in EthiopiaItem Prevalence and Complications of Elective Myomectomy in Three Teaching Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-13) Siraj Awel; Abdu MengeshaMyomectomy, which is a surgical removal of myoma (uterine fibroid), is one of the most commonly done gynecological procedures and the most common indication for hysterectomy worldwide. The procedure could be done for multiple indications, including abdominal pain, abnormal uterine bleeding and abdominal mass, infertility, and recurrent miscarriages. Even though the procedure is considered to be safe, complications still arise, including hemorrhage, infections, fever, conversion to hysterectomy, blood transfusion, venous thromboembolism, and organ injuries depending on the size, number, and location of myomas.Item Unprotected Sexual Practice and Associated Factors among AAU CHS Undergraduate Students Addis Ababa Ethiopia: Across Sectional Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-13) Tadele Sewmehon; Sisay TekluOne of the primary preventative measures against HIV/STIs in Ethiopia is the usage of condoms. On the other hand, according to current reports, HIV/AIDS and other STI rates are still rising, particularly in Ethiopia's universities. This implies that risky sexual conduct is still being engaged in by people. Research from around the world shows that behavioral, socioeconomic/demographic, and environmental factors interact to cause unsafe sex