Epidemiology

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Browsing Epidemiology by Subject "Breast cancer"

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    Magnitude of Mastectomy, Post-Mastectomy Health-Related Quality of Life and Its Predictors Among Breast Cancer Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-08) Mesfin,Roda; Getachew,Sefonias(PhD); Wondimagegnew,Abigiya(PhD)
    Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and a leading cause of cancer deaths, especially in low- and middle-income countries where mastectomy is often the only treatment option. Survivors face physical and psychological challenges, making it essential to assess post-mastectomy quality of life to inform strategies and programs that reduce the challenges. Objective: To assess the magnitude of mastectomy, post-mastectomy health-related quality of life and its predictors among breast cancer patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted in three public hospitals in Addis Ababa—Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, and Yekatit 12 General Hospital Medical College—selected for their oncology services and high patient flow. An institution-based cross-sectional design was conducted with a sample size of 271, proportionally allocated to the hospitals and selected via simple random sampling. Data were collected through medical records and face-to-face interviews using structured tools (EORTC-QLQ- BR45 and C30) supported with an open data kit (ODK). The data are then exported and analyzed using SPSS 25, applying descriptive statistics to assess the magnitude of mastectomy and post-mastectomy health-related quality of life status and logistic regression to identify factors affecting post-mastectomy health-related quality of life. Results: A total of 271 patients with breast cancer who underwent surgery were included in this study. The mean age is 44.86 ±10.9. Most of the respondents underwent mastectomy (97%), and the rest had breast-conserving surgery. The average post-mastectomy health-related quality of life score of patients with breast cancer was 64.7 (SD =15.7). Arm symptoms (AOR 5.3, 95% CI 1.26-22.39), physical function (AOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.01-10.46), emotional function (AOR 3.4, 95% CI 1.46-7.94), and social function (AOR 6.2, 95% CI 2.68-14.16) were independent predictors of poor health-related quality of life in patients with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy. Conclusions: The magnitude of mastectomy is high, with poor post-mastectomy HRQOL among breast cancer patients in Ethiopia. Key predictors included arm symptoms, along with physical, emotional, and social functioning. These underscore the need for policymakers, healthcare providers, and patients to enhance post-surgery care and develop better strategies that improve health-related quality of life.
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    Risk factors for breast cancer among women attending the University Hospitals in South and Central Ethiopia, a case – control study.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06) Gezahagn,Amanuel; Getachew,Sefonias(MPH, PhD); Kifle,Awigchew(MSc, PhD candidate); Munir(MD, Oncologist)
    Background: In Ethiopia, breast cancer incidence is rising and has become the foremost common cancer, causing high rates of morbidity and mortality. Because of the inconsistency in findings between studies conducted in Ethiopia, and no previous study has been conducted in the study area about the risk factors for breast cancer. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for breast cancer among women attending the University Hospitals in South and Central Ethiopia regions. Methods: An institutional-based matched case-control study was conducted among 378(189 women with BC and 189 women without BC) women attending selected university hospitals in the South and Central Ethiopia regions. Data was collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire and document review. Four University Hospitals were selected purposely based on the service they give specially chemotherapy service. Because of rare cases, cases were selected consecutively, while control was selected purposely from women visiting the selected hospitals for non-breast cancer cases based on the age of the case. A conditional logistic regression model was fitted to identify risk factors for breast cancer. The degrees of association between breast cancer and independent variables were assessed using an odds ratio (OR) at 95% CI. Result. A total of 378 women participated in this study for a response rate of 100%. The mean (SD) age of case and controls were 41.7(±11.13) and 41.5(±10.8) years. Above half of women 55.5% was diagnosed at late stage and 42% had breast cancer diagnosed with distant metastasis. According to conditional logistic regression model, unemployment (AOR 3.26(1.1-11.68), age at menarche (AOR 6.4(1.94-21.2)), parity (AOR 0.33(0.07-0.9)), intensity of physical activity (AOR 4.16(1.32-13.2)), consumption of solid oil (AOR 2.9(1.11-8.66)) and intake of packed food (AOR 3.48(1.12-10.9)) was significantly associated with breast cancer. Conclusions. This study found important risk factors for breast cancer. Therefore, there should be strong prevention work including awareness creation at the population level so that women will adopt healthier lifestyles through healthy nutrition and regular physical exercise, which might contribute to reducing the risk of developing BC. In addition, improving the early detection, and screening of breast cancer cases starting from the primary care settings for early identification and referral of breast cancer.