Clinical Psychology

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http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/12345678/158

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Browsing Clinical Psychology by Subject "Education"

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    Problematic Khat use: Case Definition and Impact among Khat Users in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Mihretu, Awoke; Fekadu, Abebawu (MD, PhD, MRCPsych)
    Khat is a psycho stimulant herb, which has been in use in traditional societies in East Africa and the Middle East over many centuries. Although khat is reported to cause various health problems, what constitutes problematic khat use has never been systematically investigated. This study explored the acceptable and problematic uses of khat from the perspective of users. The study used an exploratory sequential design in which qualitative (emic) data was collected to define problematic khat use and quantitative data was then collected to evaluate the utility of the framework developed through the qualitative approach. The qualitative data was gathered through in-depth interviews (N=11) and focus group discussions (N=26). By supplementing this emic exploration of the experiences considered to constitute problematic khat use with an etic definition, DSM-5 criteria for stimulant related disorders, a structured questionnaire was developed. Then the quantitative study consisted of a cross-sectional evaluation of 102 respondents was done. Respondents both for qualitative and quantitative study were selected through snowballing and convenience sampling methods. Qualitative data were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis whereas quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonparametric statistics. Impaired control, social and occupational impairment, recurrent risky sexual engagement after chewing khat, craving (harara), hazardous use, diminished effect (wesewase) and withdrawal sign/symptoms of khat were defined by the respondents as a criteria for problematic khat use. Frequency of chewiwng khat; three or four times per month unlike socio demographic characteristics of respondents was the independent predictor of problematic khat use [OR, 95% CI; 16.9(1.31, 21.7)]. Problematic khat use was also significantly associated with amount of khat, X2 (10,101) =19.82, p = .03, Cramer’s = .48 and problem drinking X2= (1,100) = 7.82, p = .005, phi = .3. Problematic khat use had also a negative impact on psychological wellbeing and alcohol use behavior. The study demonstrates that problematic khat use can be defined and evaluated. Interestingly there was a major overlap between the emic and etic approaches although the list of indicators for problematic use was more extensive in the emic approach. The study may form the basis for further exploration of the distribution of problematic khat among khat users
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    The Relationship Between Stress, Coping Behavior and Substance Abuse Among Debreberhan University Students
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-10) Birhanu, Betelhem; Nega, Mulu (PhD)
    The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of stress and coping on substance abuse among Debreberhan University students. A cross sectional survey research design using quantitative research approach was employed in this study. Stratified random sampling was used to select 364 ( 220 male and 144 female) participants from the target population after stratifying by colleges, department and sex. Data were gathered through self-administered questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, T- tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression. Results of the study showed that, lifetime prevalence rates of Tobacco was 19.6% , alcohol 62.7%, cannabis 9.8%, and Chat/Khat 25.4% while current prevalence rates for tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and chat were14.7%, 44.2%, 5.5%, and 22.3% respectively. The results of Regression analysis has shown that both stress and coping significantly predict substance abuse, with stress and disengagement coping yielding unique contribution for the dependent variable. The results of the T- test has also shown that there were significant gender differences in the mean scores of stress, coping and substance abuse among participants. From this study the magnitude of substance abuse is high. Stress and disengagement coping are the factors that have contributed to students substance abuse. Thus, there is a need to increase public awareness of the potential impacts of substance abuse, specially adolescents, and also help them identify effective and healthy coping strategies to forestall the onset of substance use